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Confucianism Confucius The Life and Legacy of Confucius Born in 551B.C.E. to a noble but poor family. Confucius died in 479 B. C. E. Confucius was an exceptional student who later became a teacher and a government official. Three Schools of Thought Human Qualities Confucian Virtues Human Relationships Confucius’s Solution The Analects of Confucius * * “The gentleman agrees with others without being an echo. The small man echoes without being in agreement.” Analects 15.30 “If one is guided by profits in one’s actions, one will incur much ill will.” Analects 14.24 “Do not worry because you have no position. Worry about your qualifications. Do not worry because no one appreciates your abilities. Seek to be worthy of appreciation. Analects 4.14 Never kiss a fool, or be fooled by a kiss. Legalists: Stern rule of law and harsh punishments Mohist: universal love, even towards enemies. Taoist: cared little about societal improvement and believed that the path to human happiness lay in the individualistic pursuit of harmony with nature. What is maturity? What is the highest human virtue? What is the best way to behave? How can one be a cultured person? How can one best govern? Tao = the Universal Way Chun-tzu = mature person - this person has such abundant virtures that he or she is able to contribute to the improvement of society. Jen = supreme virtue = perfect form of benevolence - doing one’s best to treat others the way you would like to be treated. Li = proper behavior = behaving properly given the situation at hand. Wen = a cultured person. Music, poetry, archery, calligraphy. Te- virtue shown through the power of example. Self = the center of all relationships and is constantly changing and growing towards maturity. Family = each person has a clear sense of place and purpose. Good behavior and respect for elders are important in the family. Government = the leader has acquired the moral perfectionm needed to lead by the power of example. Heaven