焦点教育出品-SAT语法辅导3.docx

焦点教育出品-SAT语法辅导3with的用法　一、 with结构的构成　　它是由介词with或without+复合结构构成，复合结构作介词with或without的复合宾语，复合宾语中第一部分宾语由名词或代词充当，第二部分补足语由形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式或分词充当，分词可以是现在分词，也可以是过去分词。With结构构成方式如下：　　1. with或without-名词/代词+形容词;　　2. with或without-名词/代词+副词;　　3. with或without-名词/代词+介词短语;　　4. with或without-名词/代词+动词不定式;　　5. with或without-名词/代词+分词。　　下面分别举例：　　1、 She came into the room，with her nose red because of cold.(with+名词+形容词，作伴随状语)　　2、 With the meal over ， we all went home.(with+名词+副词，作时间状语)　　3、The master was walking up and down with the ruler under his arm。(with+名词+介词短语，作伴随状语。) The teacher entered the classroom with a book in his hand.　　4、He lay in the dark empty house，with not a man ，woman or child to say he was kind to me.(with+名词+不定式，作伴随状语) He could not finish it without me to help him.(without+代词 +不定式，作条件状语)　　5、She fell asleep with the light burning.(with+名词+现在分词 ，作伴随状语)　　6、Without anything left in the cupboard， she went out to get something to eat.(without+代词+过去分词，作为原因状语)　　二、with结构的用法　　在句子中with结构多数充当状语，表示行为方式，伴随情况、时间、原因或条件(详见上述例句)。　　With结构在句中也可以作定语。例如：　　1.I like eating the mooncakes with eggs.　　2.From space the earth looks like a huge water-covered globe with a few patches of land sticking out above the water.　　3.A little boy with two of his front teeth missing ran into the house.　　三、 with结构的特点　　1. with结构由介词with或without+复合结构构成。复合结构中第一部分与第二部分语法上是宾语和宾语补足语关系，而在逻辑上，却具有主谓关系，也就是说，可以用第一部分作主语，第二部分作谓语，构成一个句子。例如： With him taken care of，we felt quite relieved.(欣慰)→(He was taken good care of.) She fell asleep with the light burning. →(The light was burning.) With her hair gone，there could be no use for them. →(Her hair was gone.)　　2. 在with结构中，第一部分为人称代词时，则该用宾格代词。例如： He could not finish it without me to help him.　　四、 几点说明：　　1. with结构在句子中的位置： with 结构在句中作状语，表示时间、条件、原因时一般放在句子前面，并用逗号与句子分开;表示方式和伴随状况时一般放在句子后面，不用逗号分开。若with结构作定语，则放在所修饰的名词之后，一般不用逗号隔开。　　2. with结构作状语时，不定式、现在分词 、和过去分词的区别： 在with结构中，不定式、现在分词作宾补，表示主动，但是不定式表示将要发生的动作，而现在分词表示正在发生或发生了的动作;过去分词表示被动或完成。　　例如： With the boy leading the way，we found he house easily.