18抗精神病药.ppt

第18章 抗精神失常药Chapter 18 Drugs Used for Treatment of Psychiatric Disorders Psychiatric disorders Psychiatric disorders are diseases associated with dysfunction of psychological activity with regard to thinking, feeling, behavior and bulesis. They can be induced by many factors. The principal psychiatric disorders seen in the clinic are schizophrenia, depression (manic-depression) and anxiety. Accordingly, Neuroleptic drugs (also called antischizophrenic drugs, antipsychotic drugs, or major tranquilizers) used primarily to treat schizophrenia include antipsychotic drugs, antimanic drugs, antidepressant drugs and antianxiety drugs. 根据其临床用途分为 抗精神病药物（antipsychotic drugs） 或神经安定剂（neuroleptics） 抗躁狂症药物（antimanic drugs） 抗抑郁症药物（antidepressants） 抗焦虑症药物（antianxiolytics） ? Chlorpromazine Chlorpromazine is the prototype of the neuroleptic agents. Depression is a disease with the symptoms of intense feelings of sadness, hopelessness, despair, and the inability to experience pleasure in usual activities. It is different from schizophrenia. antidepressant drugs All clinically useful (also called thymoleptics) either directly or indirectly potentiate the actions of norepinephrine and/or serotonin in the brain. According to their chemical structures, antidepressant drugs are classified as tricyclic or polycyclic antidepressants, and others. Mechanism of antidepressants The tricyclic and polycyclic antidepressants manage depression by blocking the uptake of norepinephrine and serotonin into the neuron. The prototypical drug in this group is imipramine. The selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors The selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) are a new class of chemically unique antidepressant drugs that specifically inhibit serotonin reuptake, contrasting with the relatively nonselectively inhibition of monoamine uptake that is typical of the tricyclic antidepressants. The SSRIs cause fewer anticholinergic effects and lower cardiotoxity than