语法复习9：名词（修订）.docVIP

2013届高三英语语法要点精讲（配最新高考+模拟） 专题17 名词 【考纲解读】 研究近年来高考题我们不难看出，名词部分主要考查名词的词义辨析和习惯搭配、名词的数（可数与不可数、单数与复数）、名词的所有格、抽象名词的具体化、物质名词的量化、名词和冠词的搭配以及主谓一致等。在高考试题中，名词常结合其他项目一起考查，考查题型以单项选择、完形填空、语篇中的名词词义理解等。 【知识要点与考点】2．知识归纳与联想 1）个体名词与抽象名词的相互转换 例 句 意 义 名词性质 She held some flowers in her hand. The trees should be in flower fot the time of the year. 花儿 个体名词抽象名词 开花 Aouth is beautiful. A youth of twenty helped the old man to hospital. 青春 抽象名词个体名词 年轻人 They hae achieved remarkable success in their work. The Christmas evening party was a success. 成功 抽象名词个体名词 成功的事 物质名词与个体名词的相互转换 Iron is a kind of metal. I am wondering if I can use your iron. 铁 物质名词个体名词 熨斗 He broke a piece of glass in the window. S a glass at the rude man. 玻璃 物质名词个体名词 玻璃杯 bought me a chicken this morning. Please help yourself to some chicken. 小鸡 个体名词物质名词 鸡肉 抽象名词与个体名词的转换 具有动作意义的抽象名词某些动词（如：have等）连用，表示某一次短暂的动作 ◆take a break; take a swim; take a rest; take on a new look；take a look ◆get a rise; 表示知识和时间的抽象名词转换为普通名词时可以用来表示其中的一部分 Many people agree that a knowledge of English is a must in international trade today. ◆If there were no examination, we should have a much happier time at school. 抽象名词转换为普通名词可用来表示“一次、一阵、一种”具体的行为、事件、现象或结果。这时名词前往往有形容词修饰 ①Oh, John. What a pleasant surprise you gave me! ② We have made a bigger success than ever before. ③It is such an unusual work of art that everyone wants to have a look at it. . 名词的数 规则名词的复数形式：名词的复数形式，一般在单数形式后面加-s或-es英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的，请看下表规 则 例 词 1 改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式 man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, goose-geese, mouse-mice 2 单复数相同 sheep, deer, series, means, works, fish, species 3 只有复数形式 ashes, trousers, clothes, thanks, goods, glasses, compasses, contents 4 一些集体名词总是用作复数 people, police, cattle, staff 5 部分集体名词既可以作单数（整体）也可以作复数（成员） audience, class, family, crowd, couple, group, committee, government, population, crew, team, public, enemy, party 6 复数形式表示特别含义 customs(海关), forces(军队), times(时代), spirits(情绪), drinks(饮料), sands(沙滩), papers(文件报纸), manners(