Lesson12DescentandHolding综述.ppt

Lesson 12 Descent and Holding 等待航线：很多大、中型机场都设有等待航线,等待进近着陆、等待天气好转、消失高度;其中右航线为标准等待程序,左航线为非标准等待程序。 对于已公布的等待航线,可以从图上查出等待定位点参数、出航航迹、入航航迹、出时间、最低等待高度层、最大等待速度。未公布的等待航线,以上数据则可从空中交通管部门处获得。在飞机到达等待定位点前5 min,由管制部门发给飞机进行等待的管制许可。等待的许可包括： ①等待定位点; ②等待航线与等待定位点的方位关系; ③飞向等待定位点的人航航迹所使用无线电设备的径向线、航向、方位、航路或航线; ④等待航线的出航距离或以分钟为单位的出航时间; ⑤等待航线的转弯方向(右转弯可以省略)。 以上内容为航图上未公布的等待航线,如果等待航线在航图上已公布,则③~⑤项的内容可以省略。发给飞机上述等待许可之后,管制部门还要 通知飞机预计进近时间或预计追加管制许可(下一个许可)的时间 Lesson 12 Descent and Holding 等待程序的出航时间规定是: 14000ft( 4250 m ) (含)以下为1 min, 14000ft( 4250m)以上为1.5 min。如果有DME,可用DME距离限制 来代替时间。等待飞行中, 如果空中交通管制员未指明是左等待 或者等待图没有规定,则所有的转弯都是右转弯。 等待航线的实施程序： ①当需要飞机在等待定位点进行等待延迟时,空中交通管制部门在飞机到达定位点前5min,发出进行等待的管制许可; ②进行各种计算,并在到达等待定位点前3min,开始减速到等待速度; ③根据飞机飞往等待定位点的航向,按规定扇区进入等待航线; ④沿等待航线飞行,直至脱离等待航线。 Lesson 12 Descent and Holding If youre a frequent flyer, you have probably had to hold at one time or another. Holding is when an airplane makes several 360° turns to avoid other aircraft or wait for a clearance to land. Although not as common now as it used to be, you may still encounter a holding request, especially if you are a pilot working on an instrument rating Lesson 12 Descent and Holding ATC will issue holding instructions at least 5 minutes before your estimated arrival at the fix. Where a holding pattern is not depicted, the ATC clearance will specify the following: 1. Direction of holding from the fix. 2. Holding fix (the fix may be omitted if included at the beginning of the transmission as the clearance limit). 3. Radial, course, bearing, airway, or route on which the aircraft is to hold. 4. Leg length in miles if DME or area navigation (RNAV) is to be used (leg length will be specified in minutes on pilot request or if the controller considers it necessary). 5. Direction of turn if left turns are to be made, the pilot requests or the controller considers it necessary. 6. Time to expect-further-cl