yu 专英翻译段落.docVIP

Electric charge is as fundamental a constituent of our Universe as the mass and energy. Indeed, present physical theory supposes that all matter consists of particles, the principal attributes of which are mass and electric charge 电荷是我们的宇宙的一个基本要素就像质量和能量。确实，目前的物理理论假设，所有的物质粒子组成，其中的主要属性是质量和电荷。 Two kinds of charge are known, arbitrarily designated positive and negative, which are characterized by the experimental observation that, under static conditions, separated like charges exert a mutual force of repulsion , whilst unlike charges ,under similar conditions ,exert a force of attraction .Under these conditions the field of force associated with charge is referred to as an electric field 两种已知的，被任意指定为正和负的电荷，通过实验观察表现出的特征是，它们在静态条件下，分开的同类电荷受到一个相互排斥的作用力，同时，不同类的电荷，在相同条件下，受到一个吸引的作用力。在这种情况下，与电荷有关的力场被称为电场。 The voltage source maintains a constant terminal voltage irrespective of the current supplied to the load. It is important to appreciate that the voltage may be a function of, for example, time, temperature, pressure, etc. it is constant only with respect to variations of load. 电压源的端电压保持恒定的，不论对当前提供给负载。重要的是要明白，电压可能是一个函数关于，例如，时间，温度，压力等，它是恒定的只考虑负载的变化。 The current source maintains a constant current in the load irrespective of the terminal voltage-which, in this case, is determined by the magnitude of the load. As with the voltage source, the generated current may depend on many other factors, but its one essential attribute is its independence of load. 电流源保持恒定的电流在负载里，不论末端电压如何，既然这样，是由负载的大小决定的。与电压源一样，生成的电流可能取决于其他许多因素，但其本质属性是它独立负载。 A circuit which is able to store electrostatic field energy is said to possess capacitance. The property is defined in terms of the electric charge stored per unit of potential difference at its terminals, according to the equation: q(t)=Cv(t), where C is the capacitance, the units of which are FARADS when v and q are in volts and coulombs, respectively. Hence, a capacitance of 1 F stores a charge of 1C for a terminal p. d. of 1V. Combining eq