聚合物加工流变学作业.docxVIP

关于聚合物挤出胀大的本构方程摘要：聚合物流体（含溶液、熔体）在流动过程中常常呈现出殊异于牛顿流体的行为，如：孔压误差、口模膨胀效应、包轴现象效应、剪切稀化或剪切增稠、弹性湍流等。特别的，在挤出过程中，当高聚物熔体从口模中挤出时，会出现挤出物挤出模口后其横截面大于模口横截面的现象。这种现象称之为挤出胀大。正确理解挤出胀大现象，对于挤出成型至关重要。一般研究途径有两条，一是从连续介质力学理论,用唯象学观点来描述; 二是运用流变学分子理论,根据微观离散的分子力学模型,用非平衡态统计力学和连续介质力学混合的方程,导出描述流体客观力学性质的本构方程。本构方程定量描述了物质因受外力作用而偏离平衡态的响应, 即应力与应变速率的关系。本文就聚合物挤出胀大的本构方程进行归纳总结。关键词：挤出胀大，本构方程，流变学Abstract：Polymer fluid (including solution, melt) often appear different characteristic during flow process from the behavior of the Newtonian fluid. Such as, pore pressure error, mouth mode expansion effect, package shaft effect, shear thinning or shear thickening, elastic turbulence. Especially, When the polymer melt squeezed from the mouth mould during the extrusion processing, the extrudate extrusion die its cross section is greater than the phenomenon of die in cross section. This phenomenon is called extrusion swelling. Understanding the extrusion swell phenomenon is vital for extrusion molding. There are two general approach, one is the theory of continuum mechanics, described with phenomenological learning perspective. Another is rheology molecular theory, according to the microcosmic molecular mechanics model of discrete, export objectively describe fluid mechanics constitutive equation with the nonequilibrium statistical mechanics and continuum mechanics equations. The constitutive equation quantitative described the relationship between the stress and the strain ratematerial, due to external force and the response of the deviation from the equilibrium state. In this paper, the paper summarizes the constitutive equations of polymer extrusion swelling.Key words：Extrusion swelling, Constitutive equation, Rheology在聚合物熔体挤出过程中, 可观察到如下现象：挤出物的截面积大于口模的面积, 此即为挤出胀大。1893年美国生物学家Barus首先观察到了这一现象，所以又称Barus效应。常用胀大比B来表征熔体的胀大程度。按照象流变学的观点，熔体在口模入口和模内的流动中产生的弹性形变，于离模后的回复，是导致挤出物胀大的主要原因。微观流变学认为，在入口流动中，于料筒中呈自由蜷曲状态的聚合物大分子被伸直并进入口模；在模内流动中，剪切有保持大分子取向的作用，熔体离模后，由于外力的撤除，大分子的布朗运动使分子链趋于回复到自由蜷曲的状态，从而导致口模膨胀。并且，随着温度升高，布朗运动越激烈，流动中的解取向作用越强，使得B值减小。能否