溶胶—凝胶法薄膜制备.doc

溶胶—凝胶法薄膜制备 摘要：随着科学技术的发展和人类社会的进步，人们对物质材料不断提出新的性能要求，材料制备的新方法、新工艺不断被应用。特别是20世纪以来，溶胶—凝胶技术被成功地应用于制备块状多组分凝胶玻璃，得到材料界研究者的广泛关注并获得迅速发展，制备的薄膜具有普通块状材料所不具备的性能。研究溶胶—凝胶制备薄膜技术具有十分重要的意义。本文通过查阅文献，重点研究溶胶—凝胶法制备薄膜的基本原理、工艺以及最新研究方向。通过本次的研究可以看出近几年来薄膜产业发展迅速，薄膜科学技术和薄膜材料已成为材料科学中最为活跃的研究领域之一。现在对溶胶-凝胶过程的许多细节的理解还不全面还需对反应机理成核机理和产品质量的控制等方面进行深入研究。 外文摘要： With the development of science and technology and the progress of human society, people to the material continuously put forward new performance requirements, a new method of material preparation, the new technology is being applied. Especially since the 20th century, sol - gel technology was successfully applied to the preparation of glass block multicomponent gel, materials are obtained wide attention of researchers and get rapid development, preparation of thin films with the massive materials do not have the performance of the ordinary. The sol - gel preparation of thin film technology is of great significance. This article through the literature, the key research of thin film prepared by sol - gel basic principle, process and the latest research direction.It can be seen through the study of the film industry has developed rapidly in recent years, membrane science and technology and thin film material has become one of the most active area of research in material science. Now many of the details of the process of sol-gel understanding is not comprehensive to the reaction mechanism of nucleation mechanism and conduct the thorough research to the product quality control, etc. 1 溶胶—凝胶薄膜制备的定义 溶胶—凝胶法对我们来说并不陌生，这可以追溯到古代豆腐的制作，然而溶胶—凝胶法应用于工业方面比较晚，直到20世纪，溶胶—凝胶技术被成功地应用于制备块状多组分凝胶玻璃，得到材料界研究者的广泛关注并获得迅速发展。总的说来，溶胶—凝胶法制备材料属于湿化学法（包括化学共沉淀法、水热法、微乳液法等）中的一种 [1]，该法利用液体化学试剂（或将粉末溶于溶剂）为原料（高化学活性的含材料成分的化合物前驱体），在液相下将这些原料均匀混合，并进行一系列的水解、缩合（缩聚）的化学反应，在溶液中形成稳定的透明溶胶液体系。溶胶经过陈化，胶粒间缓慢聚合，形成以前驱体为骨架的三维聚合物或者是颗粒空间网络，其间充满失去流动性的溶剂，这就是凝胶；凝胶再经过干燥，脱去其间溶剂而成为一种多孔空间结构的干凝胶或气凝胶；最后，经过烧结固化制备所需材料。 1.1溶胶—凝胶制备薄膜工艺的基本原理 溶胶—凝胶法制备薄膜涂层的基本原理是：将金属醇盐或无机盐作为前体，溶于溶剂（水或有机溶剂）中形成均匀的溶液，溶质与溶剂产生水解或醇解反应，反应生成物聚集成几个纳米左右