2. 词缀与语法成分2. 词缀与语法成分.doc

词缀、词性与语法成分 词缀： 通常可以通过词缀来判断词性，下面列出了主要的常见词缀 1. 前缀 大部分前缀是不改变词类的，它们的主要作用是改变词根的意思。 我们曾经学习过的前缀包括：in-, il-, im-, ir-; mis-; un-; re-; dis-;over-; under-; non-; sub-; pre-; post-; co-; ex-; bi-这些都是比较活跃的前缀，其构词能力非常强。 in-, il-, im-, ir-（加在形容词和名词前）showing a negative, an opposite, or a lack 例词informal 非真实的；inaccurate不准确的；irregular不规则的；irresponsible 不负责任的；illegal非法的；illogical不合理的：impolite不礼貌的；imbalanced 不平衡的 mis-1. bad or badly; 2. wrong or wrongly; 3. showing an opposite or the lack of sth 例词misfortune 不幸，厄运；misbehave 行为不端；miscalculation 计算错误；misunderstand误解；mistrust不信任 re-(尤用于动词前)1. again; 2. again in a new and better way; 3. back to a former state 例词rebroadcast重播；rewrite重写；reunit重聚；retell复述； reform改革 un-1. (especially in adjectives and adverbs)showing a negative , a lack, or an opposite;2. (esp. in verbs)showing an opposite; 例词unhappy, unfair, unload卸货, uncover揭露 dis-1. showing an opposite or negative; 2. shows the stopping or removing of the stated condition; 3. (esp. in verbs)to take away; remove 例词dislike, dishonest, disappear, discontented不满足的, disapprove不同意; disconnect切断； over- 1. too much; 2. above, beyond, across; 3. outer, covering（覆盖）在外的；4. additional 例词overpopulation人口过剩；overhanging下垂的；overcoat外套；overtime加班； under-1. too little; 2. going underneath; 3. inner, beneath others在…内; 4. less important or lower in rank 例词underdeveloped, undercooked未煮熟的; understaffed人员配备不足的；underexpose 曝光不足，underfeed给…太少的食物，未喂饱, underestimate低估，看轻 non-1. (esp. in adjectives and nouns)showing a negative２．(esp. in nouns) not deserving the stated name 例词 nonalcoholic不含酒精的；nonstick不粘锅的，nonstandard, non-smoker, non-monopoly非垄断的，非独占的，nonparty, nonprofessional；non-event枯燥无味的活动； It was a really bad book --- a non-story with non-characters. 这是一本蹩脚的书---情节单调，人物缺乏生气。 sub-1. under, below; 2. less important or powerful or of lower rank than; 3. part of the stated bigger whole分支; 4.（derog）similar to, but not as good as or not real仿；5. (esp, tech) almost 近于 例词subzero 零下的；subway 地铁；subcommittee（委员会下设）专门小组