2013年词汇学复习资料2013年词汇学复习资料.doc

2013年词汇学复习资料 1. Define the following terms (30%): Lexicology is the study of the vocabulary or lexicon of a given language. It deals not only with simple words, but also with complex and compound words. Morphology is the study of the forms of words and their components. The major purpose of morphological study is to look at morphemes and their arrangements in word formation. Semantics is the study of meaning. It tries to explain and describe meaning in natural language. Etymology is the study of the whole history of words. Lexicography involves the writing and compilation of dictionaries, especially dealing with the principles that underlie the process of compiling and editing dictionaries. The word is an uninterruptible meaningful unit of linguistic structure consisting of one or more morphemes. English words can be classified into lexical words （content words） and grammatical words (function words). The semantic field theory takes the view that the vocabulary of a language is not simply a listing of independent items, but is organized into areas or fields, the members of which are joined together by some common semantic component, such as the concept of color or kinship. Morpheme is the smallest meaningful unit which may constitute words or parts of words, an arbitrary union of a sound and a meaning and a linguistic unit that cannot be further analyzed. Lexeme is an abstract linguistic unit with different variants, a unit of lexical meaning, and it takes no account of the inflectional endings it may have or the number of words it may contain. Morph refers to any concrete realization of a morpheme in a given utterance. Allomorphs refer to morphs which are different representations of the same morpheme, the alternate phonetic and/or spelling forms of the same morpheme. Bound morphemes are those that must be joined to other morphemes. Free morphemes are those that need not be attached to other morphemes and can occur by themselves as individual words. Denota