Chapter One 语言学课件文本.docVIP

Chapter One A General Survey of English vocabulary Language, linguistics , lexicology and words Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication. de Saussure Language is a series of systems governed by rules The system of sound: Phonetics Phonology The system of meaning: Semantics The system of word order: Syntax John kissed Mary. Mary kissed John. John and Mary kissed. 年终总结与新年计划： 年终总结： 主要问题：好吃饭、好打牌、好喝酒、好泡妞 表现方式：吃好饭、打好牌、喝好酒、泡好妞 产生原因：饭好吃、牌好打、酒好喝、妞好泡 新年计划： 新年目标：饭吃好、牌打好、酒喝好、妞泡好 理论根据：吃饭好、打牌好、喝酒好、泡妞好 Language is a series of systems governed by rules The system of form: Morphology The system of word choice: Stylistics The system of words: Lexicology linguistics Linguistics is the scientific study of language. Lexicology ( Gr. lexikon = words + logos = the study of) so the study of words. The branch of linguistics that treats of the signification and application of words, their form, history, and meaning. (OED) Lexicology The branch of linguistics studying the vocabulary of the English language in respect to words and word equivalents, their structure, formation, origin, development, meaning and current use. word A word is a fundamental unit of speech and a minimum free form, with a unity of sound and meaning (both lexical and grammatical meaning), capable of performing a given syntactic function. Definition of word A word is defined by the association of a given sense with a given group of sounds capable of a given grammatical use. The development of English Vocabulary History of the English Language 450-1100 Old English Period 1100-1500 Middle English Period 1500-1800 Early Modern English 1800-Now Present Day English WASPS = WHITE, ANGLO, SAXON, PROTESTANTS Classification of English Words 1. By origin A. Native words = words of Anglo-Saxon origin or of Old English B. Loan words = words borrowed from other languages Native