U5 THE LUBRICATION SYSTEM润滑系 附扩展第5篇.doc

UNIT 5 THE LUBRICATION SYSTEM 学习目标: 掌握相关的专业术语、词汇。 能对资料进行中英文互译。 能进行相关内容的阅读和翻译。 TEXT A THE LUBRICATION SYSTEM 1. Lubrication Principles Reducing friction to minimize wear and loss of power is the primary job a lubrication system must perform. Residual oil on engine parts also provides lubrication for engine start-up. The engine oil forms a seal between the pistons, rings, and cylinders. It also helps to cool engine parts. Without the cleaning acting of the lubricating system, carbon and varnish build up would be excessive. The engine oil also absorbs the shock and dampens the noise of moving parts. How successful the lubrication system is in performing all these functions depends on a number of factors and conditions. There must be an adequate supply of good-quality lubricant delivered to all moving engine parts under sufficient pressure to provide hydrodynamic lubrication for rotating parts and oil adhesion to surface subject to sliding friction. 2. Parts of the Pressure-Lubrication System 2.1 Oil Pan The oil pan bolts under the engine block, where it seals off the bottom of engine. Shaped like a trough, this sheet-metal pan serves as the reservoir for about 5 quarts of oil. As oil flows from the engine, it drains downward into the oil pan. The oil pump sucks oil from the lowest part of the oil pan, the oil sump. Many oil pans have baffles, which are thin metal partitions. These keep the oil in the sump when the car corners hard or brakes suddenly. A drain plug at the bottom of the sump allows oil to be drained from the engine. The oil-pan gasket fits between the oil pan and the bottom of the engine block. In most engines, the oil circulates in the engine, and then returns to the pan. It stays in the oil pan until drawn back into the engine by the oil pump. During operation, the sump usually holds 2 to 3 quarts of oil. The rest of the oil moves through the passageways of the lubrication system. With the engine off, the pan holds about fo