unit1阅读版.doc

Unit1课外阅读材料 A Qian Xuesen (1911—2009) was born in Hangzhou, China. He lived and studied for many years in the USA but returned to China in 1955. He graduated from the Shanghai Jiao Tong University in 1934 and left the following year to study in the USA. He studied at the Massachusettss Institute of Technology (MIT) and after receiving his Master’s Degree went to California to study for a PhD(博士). In 1939 he received PhDs in both aerospace and mathematics and stayed in USA to work on rockets and missiles（导弹）. When he returned to China in 1955 he became the director-general of the Mechanics Institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. He helped Zhou Enlai begin a programme to build Chinas first rockets and missiles in 1956. From then on, he was in charge of Chinas missile and rocket programmes as well as its spacecraft programme. He has won many international awards including being honored in China as an outstanding scientist with outstanding achievements. 猜测黑体词汇或短语的含义： graduated from Master’s Degree mathematics work on programme in charge of international outstanding achievements B (Cholera霍乱) Cholera is a water-borne disease that is spread through polluted water and food. Cholera is an illness caused by the bacterium called Vibrio cholera (霍乱弧菌). It produces an enterotoxin (肠毒素) that causes a painless, watery diarrhea (痢疾) that can quickly lead to severe dehydration (脱水) and death if treatment is not given. Vomiting （呕吐） also takes place in most patients. Most persons infected with cholera do not become ill, although the bacterium is present in their waste for 7-14 days. A person may get cholera by drinking water or eating food polluted with the cholera bacterium. The disease can spread rapidly in areas without the proper treatment of drinking water. The cholera bacterium may also live in the environment in dirty rivers and coastal waters. Shellfish eaten raw have been a s