《国际货币与金融经济学》课后习题答案.docVIP

Chapter 1 1.Using the following data (billions of dollars) for a given year, calculate the balance on merchandise trade; balance on goods, services, and income; and the current account balance. Indicate whether these balances are deficits or surpluses. Exports of goods 719 Imports of goods 1,145 Exports of services 279 Imports of services 210 Net unilateral transfers -49 Income receipts 284 Income payments 269 Statistical discrepancy 11 The balance on merchandise trade is the difference between exports of goods, 719 and the imports of goods, 1,145, for a deficit of 426. The balance on goods, services and income is 719 + 279 +284 – 1145 - 210 – 269, for a deficit of 342. Adding unilateral transfers to this gives a current account deficit of 391, [-342 + (-49) = -391]. (Note that income receipts are credits and income payments are debits.) 2.Write out a positive and negative aspect of a nation being a net debtor. Do the same thing for a nation that is a net creditor. Positive aspects of being a net debtor include the possibility of financing domestic investment that is not possible through domestic savings; thereby allowing for domestic capital stock growth which may allow job, productivity, and income growth. Negative aspects include the fact that foreign savings may be used to finance domestic consumption rather than domestic savings; which will compromise the growth suggested above. Positive aspects of being a net creditor include the ownership of foreign assets which can represent an income flows to the crediting country. Further, the net creditor position also implies a net exporting position. A negative aspect of being a net creditor includes the fact that foreign investment may substitute for domestic investment. 3.Explain why a nation might desire to receive both portfolio investment and direct investment from abroad. A nation may desire to receive both portfolio and direct investment due to