专业英语文献翻译.doc

Zigbee Wireless Sensor And It’s Applications in Environmental Monitoring 1.1 Standars Wireless sensor standards have been developed with the key design requirement for low power consumption. The standard defines the functions and protocols necessary for sensor nodes to interface with a variety of networks.Someof these standardincludeIEEE802.15.4,ZigBee,WirelessHART,ISA100.11,IETF6LoW-PAN,IEEE802.15.3,Wibree.The follow-ing paragraphs describes these standards in more detail. IEEE802.15.4:IEEE802.15.4[37] is the proposed stan-dard for low rate wireless personal area networks (LR-WPANs).IEEE802.15.4 focuses on low cost of deployment,low complexity, and low power consumption.IEEE802.15.4 is designed for wireless sensor applications that require short range communication to maximize battery life. The standard allows the formation of the star and peer-to-peer topology for communication between net-work devices.Devices in the star topology communicate with a central controller while in the peer-to-peer topol-ogy ad hoc and self-configuring networks can be formed.IEEE802.15.4devices are designed to support the physical and data-link layer protocols.The physical layer supports 868/915 MHz low bands and 2.4 GHz high bands. The MAC layer controls access to the radio channel using the CSMA-CA mechanism.The MAC layer is also responsible for validating frames, frame delivery, network interface, network synchronization, device association, and secure services.Wireless sensor applications using IEEE802.15.4 include residential, industrial, and environment monitor-ing, control and automation. ZigBee [38,39] defines the higher layer communication protocols built on the IEEE 802.15.4 standards for LR-PANs. ZigBee is a simple, low cost, and low power wireless com- munication technology used in embedded applications.ZigBee devices can form mesh networks connecting hun- dreds to thousands of devices together. ZigBee devices use very little power and can operate on a cell b