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论医疗损害侵权责任的承担 郭丹丹 [摘要]：近年来，随着人类社会文明的进步，广大患者相关医学知识的增加，法制化建设进程中公民权利意识的加强，加之医学科学本身的特殊性及医生医德、服务意识等方面的原因，医患之间的医疗纠纷不断出现，且呈现日益上升的趋势。医疗投诉的激增使人们不能不开始关注医疗纠纷的法律问题，为了保障广大患者的生命健康权利，健全医疗事故领域的立法已成当务之急。2010年7月1日《侵权责任法》施行，彻底结束了医疗纠纷案件立案、鉴定、赔偿等诸多方面的双轨制，并将医疗事故、医疗失误、医疗过失等称谓统一为“医疗损害”。医疗损害行为的确定需要明确举证责任，从本质上说，在双方当事人之间分配举证责任，是民事实体法与民事诉讼法在诉讼中的适用问题，也是医疗诉讼的核心所在。 [abstract]: In recent years, with the progress of human civilization, the majority of patients related to increased medical knowledge and legal process of building to strengthen the rights of citizenship, coupled with particularity the reasons for medical science and medical ethics, sense of service and other aspects of their own, the doctor-patient medical disputes between the emerging and increasingly showing an upward trend. Surge in medical complaints so that people can not help but began to focus on the legal issues of medical disputes, in order to protect the right to life and health of the majority of patients, improve legislation in the field of medical malpractice has become a top priority. July 1, 2010, Tort Law, a complete end to filing medical malpractice cases, identification, and many other aspects of the dual system of compensation and medical malpractice, medical mistakes, medical malpractice and other titles unified as medical harm. Identified a clear need to conduct medical damage burden of proof, in essence, the allocation of the burden of proof between the parties, civil law and civil procedure law applicable to entities issue in the litigation, and it is the core of medical litigation. [关键词]：医疗损害 举证责任 医患关系 [Keywords]: Medical Injury Burden of Proof Doctor-patient relationship 医疗侵权行为是发生在医疗领域的侵权损害行为，是指在整个医疗活动中，因医疗机构及医务人员的故意或过失，对患者生命和健康造成损害的行为。在我国立法和司法实践的不同时期，对医疗侵权行为的分类存在差异：一是《侵权责任法》实施之前，我国司法实践中医疗侵权行为的主要类型有医疗过错和医疗事故，另外还存在医疗产品损害。这种分类方式完全割裂了医疗侵权损害制度的完整性，使本质是同一类型的行为之间相互排斥，彼此对立，形成了多个“双轨制”的二元化医疗损害的处理模式，致使司法审判秩序混乱，医患关系紧张；二是《侵权责任法》中规定的三种不同类型的医疗侵权行为：医疗技术损害行为，违反医疗伦理义务的行为和医疗产品损害行为。根据不同的医疗侵权行为，合理科学的配置归责原则，是医疗损害立法的