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Surface Review and Letters, Vol. 16, No. 5 (2009) 715–721 c World Scienti?c Publishing Company SURFACE TREATMENT OF ANTI-CREASE FINISHED COTTON FABRIC BASED ON SOL–GEL TECHNOLOGY Charles Q. Yang,*,? Qingliang He,? and Bojana Voncina? Department of Textiles, Merchandising and Interiors, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Textiles, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia Abstract: The silica sol was applied onto 1, 2, 3, 4-butanetetracarboxylic acid (BTCA) ?nished cotton fabrics with the attempt to improve the physical properties especially the tensile strength which had a big loss in the previous anti-crease ?nishing processing. The parameters including the dosage of the coupling agent, the concentration and pH of the sol and the processing methods were studied in detail. Compared to the sample ?nished with BTCA, 11.8% of the increase in the crease recovery angle and 18.6% of the enhancement in the tensile strength of the cotton fabric also treated with silica sol in the better selected conditions were obtained. The abrasion resistance was also improved. Keywords: Sol–gel; cotton fabric; anti-crease ?nishing; strength loss.  1. Introduction Cotton fabrics shrink and wrinkle easily due to the shift and deformation of cellulose macromolecules after repeated wet rubbings.1 N , N -dimethylol- 4,5-dihydroxyethyleneurea (DMDHEU) had been the most widely used crosslinking agent in tex- tile industry to provide cotton fabrics in the anti- crease ?nishing owing to the ether linkages formed between DMDHEU and the cellulose molecules. The time desirable mechanical stability properties were given and the potential to release formaldehyde, a known human carcinogen, was also imparted.2,3 Signi?cant decrement but not avoidance in the release of formaldehyde could be obtained by ether- ifying DMDHEU or by continuing to treat the ?nished fabric with hydrolyzed glycidyloxypropy