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C. Manufacturing Cells (Group Technology)(Family of Parts Concept) The use of manufacturing cells represents a particular kind of factory layout for manufacturing equipment. The essence of the concept is that, when manufacturing a particular part or family of similar parts in substantial quantities, the equipment for successive operations on the part should be grouped together. The operator - or team of operators who make that part (or the family of parts) - operate all the equipment in the cell. This arrangement is in contrast to a more traditional factory layout that groups like equipment together in departments. Then parts move from department to department for each operation. The advantage of the cell layout is that lines of communication and transportation are made very short. The factorys through-put rate is speeded; work-in-process inventory is greatly reduced; when problems arise at one operation, their effect on subsequent operations is immediately recognized. Route sheets to control movement of parts through the factory are greatly simplified or not needed. Operators learn what is needed at each operation to avoid problems at subsequent operations and have the satisfaction of seeing the results of their efforts. Quality tends to improve. The dis- advantage is that there is apt to be lesser utilization of some equipment. There is also the necessity of having operators learn the operation of several kinds of equipment rather than specializing in one type. The concept is illustrated in Fig. 14C for one particular family of machined parts. Fig. 14G8 shows a more advanced system where a robot does the handling between operations. When a circular layout is used, the robot can tend all machines in the cell. 制造单元的运用代表着一种特别的生产设备的工厂布局，这个概念的实质是，在制造大量类似的部件的特定部分时，连续工作的设备应当分在一起，制造这些部件的人们在同一个单元中工作，这种安排有别于那些传统的把设备放置在各个部门的布局，在每次作业中，原件从一个单元转到另一个单元，这种布局的优点在于缩短了通讯和运输距离。工厂的吞吐速率加快，在制品库存大大降低;出现问题时的一个操作，其对后续操作的效果立即确认。工厂控制工件运动的流程将大大简化甚至不需要。操作员们只需学习各自的工序以避免下一个人的失误，并满意于看到自己成果。质量趋于改