[公共卫生实践.ppt

Community Health 1.1 Public Health Practice and Improvement Framework – Practices and Essential Services –公共卫生实践,改善框架-实践和关键服务- Public Health Infrastructure Goal公共卫生基础设施目标 Every health department better prepared 每一个卫生部门都应该准备好 Every community better protected 每一个社区都受很好的保护 Step One第一步 Develop a Community Health Assessment Plan　制定社区卫生评估计划 Gather Most Important Data　收集重要数据 Interpret the Data　对数据进行分析 Report 撰写报告 brief,　简洁 to the point, 　重点突出 clear data 　数据明晰 specific recommendations　明确的建议 AssessmentEssential Services评价关键服务 Causes of Premature Death in the U.S. 19901990年美国过早死亡的原因 Cause原因 % of Total Deaths总死亡 Tobacco烟草 38% Diet/activity patterns饮食/运动模式 28% Alcohol酒精 10% Microbial agents微生物 8% Toxic agents毒物 6% Firearms 枪支 4% Sexual behavior 性行为 2% Motor vehicles 交通事故 2% Illicit drugs 非法毒品 1% What is Most Important to Monitor?Some possible criteria…　监测的重点是什么？一些可能的标准 Contribute most to years of productive life lost?　是否导致生产年的丧失？ Affects other regions and countries?　是否影响其他的区域和国家？ Could be improved greatly with good data　是否可以通过好的数据显著改善健康状况？　 Top Three Health Problems? ___ Aging problems 老龄化 ___ Cancers 癌症 ___ Child abuse /neglect, orphans 虐待儿童 ___ Diabetes 糖尿病 ___ Domestic Violence　家庭暴力 ___ Heart disease/stroke　心脏病/中风 ___ blood pressure高血压 ___ HIV / AIDS　艾滋病 ___ Homicide　他杀 ___ Infant Death 婴儿死亡 ___ Infectious Diseases 传染病 ___ Mental health problems精神病 ___ Car /Bike injuries 车祸 ___ Rape性暴力 ___ Lung disease 肺病 ___ Sexual Diseases　性病 ___ Suicide 自杀 ___ Other:__其他_____ What Would You Like to Achieve By 2010? 到2010年想要达到什么目标不？ objectives for change　目标 Develop An Objective (By when, what will be changed, by how much change, for what group?)_____________________________________________ 　制定目标（何时、取得何种变化、变化多少、目标人群是哪个？） Leading Health Indicators主要的健康指标 Biological causes of death, illness, injury　导致死亡、疾病、伤害的生物学因素 Behavior and Lifestyle　行为与生活方式 Environment: quality of air, water, food, land