[北京大学版高等数学讲义2-1微商的概念.pptVIP

2、微商的四则运算 * 第二章 微积分的基本概念 2-1 微商的概念 1. 微商的定义 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 物体沿直线运动的瞬时速度 , 时间段 越小,平均速度越能准确地反映 物体在时刻 运动的快慢程度， 平均速度 在 时的极限就是物体在 时刻的瞬时速度 用极限定义瞬时速度为 一般地，求变速直线运动的物体在任意时刻 的瞬时 速度 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 曲线在 点处的切线的斜率就是割线 的斜率 时的极限， 当 即 曲线在一点处的切线 x x f x x f x y x x D - D + = D D ? D ? D ) ( ) ( lim lim 0 0 0 0 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 定义 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 导函数 显然: 函数在一点可导 其左右导数都保存并相等. 左导数 右导数 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 定理: 基本初等函数的导函数 证 为实数时也成立. 例 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 定理1. 的和、 差、 积、 商 (除分母 为 0的点外) 都在点 x 可导, 且 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 此法则可推广到任意有限项的情形. 证: 设 , 则 故结论成立. 例如, Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. (2) 证: 设 则有 故结论成立. 推论: ( C为常数 ) Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 推论: (3) 证: 设 则有 故结论成立. ( C为常数 ) Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.