[颈椎退行性变.pptVIP

颈椎退行性变 椎间盘的退行性变，由于椎间盘整体的退变，颈椎稳定性下降，如果此时颈椎受到外伤、长期的劳损、环境刺激等因素情况下，就会发生颈椎病。 颈椎间盘运动范围较大，容易受到过多的细微创伤和劳损。早期为颈椎间盘的脱水，髓核的含水量减少和纤维环的纤维肿胀，继而发生变性，甚至破裂。颈椎间盘变性后，耐压性能及耐牵拉性能减低。可以发生局限性或广泛性向四周隆突，使椎间盘间隙变窄、关节突重叠、错位，以及椎间孔的纵径变小。椎间盘的纤维环变性造成椎节不稳，这是引起与加速椎间盘髓核退行性变的主要因素。 2、韧带的退行性变： 　　颈椎的韧带退变实际上是随着椎间盘的退变相伴而生的。当椎间盘退行性变后，颈椎处于失稳状态，韧带就会代偿性变化，继而出现增生、肥厚、变性。颈椎韧带的退变，在颈椎病中主要是前纵韧带、后纵韧带和黄韧带。韧带的退变第一会限制颈椎的活动，出现局部僵硬等症状，第二是增厚的韧带会压迫神经和脊髓，影响椎动脉血流量。并发生继发性椎管狭窄。 * * * * * * * Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 颈椎退行性变 椎间盘变性阶段 骨赘形成和韧带变性阶段 颈椎体退行性变阶段 颈椎小关节退行性变阶段 退行性椎管狭窄阶段 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. （一）椎间盘变性阶段 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. （二）骨赘形成和韧带变性阶段 1、骨赘（骨质增生）的形成： 　　由于椎间盘的退变，椎间盘内压升高，椎节失稳和颈椎应力分布不均与颈椎平衡改变，源于韧带-椎间盘间隙血肿的机化、骨化和钙化，就会出现骨质增生。骨质增生的发生部位，多见于颈椎的两侧钩突，其次为小关节边缘及椎体后缘，后期可开展到整个颈椎。 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for