主谓一致和反意疑问.doc

主谓一致一、主谓一致应遵循的规则： 1．语法形式上的一致：主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语动词也用复数形式。Jane and Mary look healthy and strong．The number of mistakes was surprising．2．意义上一致：1) 主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词用复数。The crowd were running for their lives．单数形式表示复数意义的词有people，police，cattle，militia等。2)主语形式为复数而意义上却是单数，谓语动词用单数。 The news was very exciting．形复意单的单词有news，works(工厂)和一些以ics结尾的学科名．称physics，politics，mathematics等。3．就近原则。即谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。如用连词or，either…or，neither...nor，not only…but also等连接的并列主语，如果一个是单数，一个是复数，谓语动词与靠近它的主语一致。Either your students or Mr. Wang knows this． 二、主谓一致应注意的几个问题： 1.both…and…连接两个单数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；由or,either…or…，neither…nor…,not only…but also…,not…but…,连接两个名词或代词作主语时，根据就近原则决定谓语动词形式。例如：Both his father and his mother are both teachers. /Tom or Jack is wrong. /Either this one or that one is OK. 2.以-s 结尾的名词本身不表示复数意义，谓语通常用单数形式，如news,maths,physics等，例如：No news is good news./Maths is very popular in our class 3.a number of+复数名词作主语，谓语动词用复数；the number of +复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。例：A number of famous people were invited to party. /The number of the students is over eight houndred. 4.当kind of,pair of, glass of 等表示确定数量的名词短语修饰主语时，谓语与kind,pair,glass等一致。例如：This pair of shoes is Tom’s./There are two glasses of wather on the table. 5. the+形容词表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数形式。例如：The poor are very happy, but the rich are sad. 6.以here，there开关的句子，若主语在两个或两个以上，谓语动词通常与临近的主语一致。例如：There is a book and three pens on the desk. /Here are some books and paper for you. 7.不定代词somebody,someone,something,anybody,anything,everybody,everyone,everything, nobody,no one,nothing作主语，谓语动词用单数，例如：Is everyone here today. /Something is wrong with him. 8. 由and连接的两个单数名词作主语时，一般用复数形式，但and所连接的并列主语是同一个人，事物，或概念时，谓语动词用单数。这两种情况区分如下：a/the+单数名词+and+单数名词，指的是同一个人或物；a/the+单数名词+and+a/the+单数名词，指两个人或物。 The writer and teacher is coming. The writer and the teacher are coming. 9. people,police等集体名词作主语，谓语动词用复数形式，family,class,group,team等集体名词作主语，若指一个整体时，谓语动词用单数形式，若指一个具体成员时，谓语动词复数形式。例如：People here are very friendly./His family isn’t large. /My family all like w