习题三及答案.docVIP

Ⅰ. Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and choose the letter A, B, C or D. (20%) 1. _______ is best known and remembered for its contribution to phonology and the distinction between phonetics and phonology. The most influential scholar in this aspect is Trubetzkoy who published Principles of Phonology in 1939. A. The London School B. Traditional grammar C. American Structuralism D. The Prague School 2. Saussure believed that language is a system of signs. This sign is the union of a form and an idea, which Saussure called _______. A. langue and parole B. signifier and signified C. speech and writing D. system and function 3. Many modern linguists have criticized traditional grammarians for adopting a _____ approach to language study. A. synchronic B. diachronic C. prescriptive D. descriptive 4. The fact that different languages have different words for the same object is good proof that human language is . A. arbitrary B. rational C. logical D. cultural 5. Palatal semi-vowel refers to the sound . A. [n] B. [h] C. [w] D. [j] 6. A phoneme is a group of phonetically similar sounds called . A. minimal pairs B. allomorphs C. phones D. allophones 7. Morphemes that represent “tense”, “number”, “gender”, “case” and so forth are called morphemes. A. inflectional B. bound C. free D. derivational 8. The English word “modernizers” is composed of morphemes. A. four B. three C. two D. five 9. “Unless I hear from her, I won’t leave this town” is a sentence. A. simple B. coordinate C. complex D. compound 10. In the phrase structure rule “S NP VP”, the arrow can be read as . A. is equal to