语法专题10.pptVIP

一、虚拟语气用于条件句 虚拟语气应用于条件状语从句中，虚拟条件句以及主句谓语动词的构成形式如下表： 主句中的should常用于第一人称，would可用于任何人称，同时也可以根据意思用情态动词could，might，从句中的be动词在第一、三人称后有时也有用was的。 1．与现在事实相反 If I were you，I wouldnt do it. 如果我是你，我就不去做这件事。 If you hurried，you would catch the bus. 你要是赶快，你是会搭上车的。(可你是这样慢吞吞的。) If he were here，everything would be all right. 要是他在这儿，一切都没问题了。 这样考过 ①(2009·天津)This printer is of good quality.If it ________ break down within the first year，we would repair it at our expense. A．would　　　　　　　　B．should C．could D．might 解析：句意：这台打印机质量很好。如果第一年使用坏了，我们保修。虚拟语气中表示将来时间的条件句有三种，就此句而言，应为：If it broke down/If it were to break down/If it should break down。 答案：B 2．与过去事实相反 If you had got up earlier，you would have caught the train. 如果你早点儿起来，你就会赶上火车了。 If I had been there，I would have helped her. 如果我那时在那儿，我就帮助她了。 If I hadnt taken your advice，I would have made a big mistake. 我要不是听了你的劝告，就会犯大错误。 这样考过 ②(2009·福建质检)—I didnt go to the movie last night because of the rain. —What a pity！If I had got the ticket，I ________ it. A．wouldnt have missed B．wouldnt miss C．didnt miss D．hadnt missed 解析：由句中what a pity！(真遗憾)知本句考查与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。其构成为：if条件句(过去完成时)，主句(情态动词＋现在完成时)。综上，选A。 答案：A ③(2009·厦门质检)—Why didnt Tom give you one of his paintings? —I didnt want one，but he would have given me one if I ______. A．did B．would C．will D．had 解析：由句意：我是不想要，如果我要是要的话，他就会给我的。由句中的I didnt want one知与过去事实相反。从句用过去完成时，主句用would have done形式。 答案：D 3．与将来事实相反 If it rained tomorrow，we should stay at home. 如果明天下雨，我们就待在家里。(最近天气好，下雨的可能性不大。) If he should come，I could have a talk with him. 如果他来，我就能跟他谈谈。 If I were to do it，I would do it in a different way. 要是我来做这件事，我会用另一种方法。 这样考过 ④(2009·湖南长郡中学)If your study plans succeeded，you ________ your marks in the following exam. A．will increase B．have been increasing C．have increased D．would be increasing 答案：D 4．省略if的虚拟条件从句 如果条件状语从句的谓语动词有were，had或should，可以把if省去，而把were，had或should移到主语前面，以倒装形式表示虚拟条件。例如： Were I you，I would do the same. 如果我是你，我也会这样做。(＝If I were you) Had you come yest