句子成分-初级.docVIP

句子成分 词类 实词：N. Pron. Num. Adj. Adv. V. 可以在句子中单独作一定成分 虚词：Art. Prep. Conj. Int. 不能在句子中单独作一定成分，只起辅助和连接作用。 句子成分 定义：句子成分由作用不同的各部分组成，这些部分就叫做句子成分。 句子成分可以是单词，也可以是词组或从句。 在句中起主要作用的句子成分有主语和谓语，成为主要成分；起次要作用的有宾语，宾语补语，定语，状语，表语等，称为次要成分。 词类和句子成分的关系 词类相互间的关系 形容词，数词，名词常修饰名词 It’s a hot/cold day. There are five students on the playground. They are women doctors. *The three tall and strong men are all basketball players. 形容词可以修饰代词 *The writer often writes something interesting. (不定代词＋形容词) 副词常修饰动词，形容词和副词 The thief ran quickly. Her English is very good. The story is very interesting. His sister plays the piano quite well. 词类和句子成分之间的关系 主语：是句子要说明的人或物，是句子的主体，一般放在句首。 作主语的词类有：名词，代词，数词。（动名词，动词不定式和主语从句也可做主语。） Peter is a clever student. He reads newspaper every day. Two and six is eight. 谓语：说明主语的动作或状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。 谓语动词可以是行为动词，系动词，助动词和情态动词。 He showed me his book. She is a nurse. He looks tired. The man is handsome. He doesn’t know the answer. May I ask you a question? 宾语：及物动词涉及到的人或物成为动词宾语。宾语一般放在及物动词之后。介词后面的名词或代词成为介词宾语。名词，代词，数词在句中常用作动词宾语或介词宾语。 Please lend me some money. How many books do you want?---I want four. Please give the letter to her. 宾语补语：在宾语后面补充说明宾语的动作，状态，特征的成分。名词，形容词，副词，介词短语以及动词不定式，分词等可作宾语补语。 We elected him monitor. She found the child sound asleep. 表语：在系动词后用来说明主语的身份，状态或特征的成分。可以作表语的有名词，代词，形容词，副词，介词短语以及动词不定式，动名词，分词和表语从句等。(表语又叫主语补语) He is a teacher. It is a beautiful day. Who is it?---It’s me. He is always kind. My book is on the table. The glass is broken.(过去分词) 定语：用来修饰名词或代词的成分。单词作定语时，通常放在它所修饰的名词之前；但在修饰符合不定代词（something,nothing,anything,everything,等）是，放在不定代词之后；短语和从句作定语时，也放在被修饰的名词之后。形容词，名词，代词，数词，副词，介词短语以及动词不定式，分词和定语从句等都可以做定语。 She is a pretty and lovely girl. I have something important to tell you. There are a lot of women workers in the factory. I have ten Yuan in my purse. She has a lot of books to read. 状语：修饰动词，形容词，副词或全句的成分是状语。修饰形容词的状语通常放在它所修饰的词之前，修饰动词的状语通常放在动词之后。但有些副词（often,always, usually）等作状语时，则放在行为动词之前。副词，介词短语，名词词组，动词不定式短语，分词短语和状语从句都可作状语。 He walks very quickly. Sh