非谓语动词表格形式.doc

非谓语动词 动词不定式 动词不定式的构成：to + 动词原形（这里的to是不定式符号，本身无词义） 否定：not+ (to +) 动词原形 动词不定式的句法功能 功能 例句 说明 主语 To speak English is not easy for us. = It is not easy for us to speak English. 作主语用的不定式，常常用it作形式主语，而把不定式放在后面，其结构为:It+be+adj.+(for/of sb.)+动词不定式 表语 My work is to clean the room every day. = To clean the room every day is my work. 多数情况下，不定式作表语，可转换为作主语 宾语 —What sports does he like to play? — He likes to play basketball. 只能作某些动词的宾语，一般不做介词的宾语 宾补 My mother made me play the piano all the time. 在make, let, see, hear, watch等使役动词后，不定式省略to 定语 Have you got anything to say? 不定式做定语，要放在所修饰词的后面 状语 I’m sorry to trouble you. 不定式作状语，其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致 1.to do 作主语常用it 作形式主语 例： To learn English well is useful. → It is useful（for us）to learn English well. 注意：在kind, good, nice, clever等表示人的品质的形容词后，不用for而用of. 2.一些表示命令，打算或希望的动词后只接动词不定式作宾语：would like, like（想要）, want, wish, hope, decide, plan, except等。 例：Would you like too see a film this evening? 3.在find, think后跟动词不定式作宾语时，常用it代替，而将真正的宾语放在句末。 例：I find it easy to read English every day. 4.常见的一些不带to 的动词不定式作宾语 Why not do ……, why don’t you do…, had better (not) do…, would rater do…, could/ would/ will you please (not) do… 例： I would rather stay in the room. 5.一些使役动词和感官动词用不定式作宾语，但to要省略。 一感（fell）、二听（hear, listen to）、三让（let/ make/ let）、四看（look at, see, watch, notice）、五帮助（help）,但变为被动语态是必须加上to. 例：My friends were made to work the whole night by the boss. 6.不定式常和疑问词what,which,when,where,how连用，相当于一个宾语从句。 动名词 动名词的构成： 动词原形+-ing 动名词的句法功能 功能 例句 说明 主语 Eating too much is bad for your health. 谓语动词用单数形式 宾 语 动词 宾语 I like playing basketball very much. 表示一般的习惯或抽象行为或经常性动作 介词 宾语 Stamps are used for sending letters. 表语 His hobby is collecting stamps= Collecting stamps is his hobby. 多数情况下，动名词作表语可装换成做主语 定语 She is in the reading room. 只表明它所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等。至置于所修饰词之前 常跟动名词作宾语的词：完成实践值得忙（finish, practice, be worth, be busy） 继续习惯别放弃（keep on, be used to, give up） 考虑建议不禁想（consider, suggest,