ing分词解析.pptVIP

-ing分词的一般式表示和谓语动词所表示的动作同时进行的动作; 完成式表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作。如： Being a student, he was interested in books. Not having studied his lessons very hard, he failed the examinations. -ing分词的被动式表示它的逻辑主语是-ing分词动作的承受者。根据-ing分词动作发生的时间，-ing分词的被动式有一般被动式(being done)和完成被动式(having been done)。如： The question being discussed is very important. Having been criticized by the teacher, he gave up smoking. P246-248 There are verbs that can be followed either by an –ing participle or by an infinitive. With some of these verbs, the choice between the two makes no difference in meaning; with others, however, different choices result in different interpretations. 1) Either infinitive or –ing participle without change of meaning a) After process verbs such as begin, cease, continue, start and emotive verbs such as can’t bear, deserve, dread, hate, intend, like loathe, love, need, neglect, omit, plan, prefer, require, the infinitive is commonly used to refer to a specific act while the –ing participle is used to refer to a general act, e.g.: Phil prefers doing it his way. He prefers to go by train this evening. b) After need, want, require, deserve, an active –ing participle can be used to denote a passive meaning which can also be expressed by a passive infinitive, e.g.: This letter needs signing by the manager. = This letter needs to be signed by the manager. Your car urgently required seeing to. = Your car urgently required to be seen to. c) After begin, start, either infinitive or –ing participle is possible, but when the infinitive is a stative verb, it normally goes with begin, e.g.: We began to see what he meant. She began to believe his story. When begin / start is in the progressive, it is also an infinitive, not an –ing form that is normally used, e.g.: It’s beginning to rain. I’m starting to work on my essay next week. d) After attempt, intend and plan, the infinitive is more commonly used than the –ing participle, but when the above-mentione