软件可靠性测试和评估方法改进.docx

软件可靠性测试与评估方法的改进软件可靠性测试与评估方法的改进摘要软件测试是保证软件质量的重要手段，软件可靠性是软件质量的重要度量。两者之间有着密切的内在联系。软件测试提高软件的可靠性；软件可靠性的评估可以为软件测试提供合理的终止信号。相对于硬件可靠性稳步上升的趋势，软件的质量保证显得很困难。软件的可靠性研究也很不成熟，远远落后于硬件的可靠性研究。关于软件可靠性的研究还有很多的工作。本文首先介绍了软件测试的理论与方法，介绍了软件错误在软件测试工作中的重要地位与软件测试的模型。接着对可靠性与软件可靠性研究的理论做了介绍，详细介绍了几种重要的软件可靠性模型。最后对传统工程可靠性研究分析了其取得成功的原因。在此基础上分析了软件可靠性研究的特点，阐述了导致软件可靠性研究困难的四个原因。并针对其中的两个提出了改进的方法，并将其应用到软件可靠性模型的改进之上。在对一个物流管理系统的可靠性评估工作中，验证了可靠性模型改进的有效性。本文主要的工作有以下几点：1) 分析了软件可靠性研究特有的四个难点: 软件开发面临的问题领域的不确定性;软件开发中实现机制的人为性与多样性；软件开发缺乏标准化的设计；可靠性研究中对软件错误的独立关系认识不清。2) 提出了关于软件错误的随机性软件错误与非随机性软件错误的分类方法；在软件失效模式的 PIE 模型的基础上，对随机性软件错误之间的相互独立性给出了一个有意义的判别方法。3) 应用软件错误独立性的判别方法，对软件可靠性模型进行了改进。以 J-M 模型、G-O 模型、Nelson 模型为例，对物流管理系统进行了可靠性评估，实验的数据结果验证了可靠性模型改进的有效性，并且得出 G-O 模型更加适用于应用软件错误独立性的判别方法。关键词：软件测试，软件可靠性，软件错误，软件可靠性模型1软件可靠性测试与评估方法的改进IMPROVEMENT OF SOFTWARE RELIABILITY ANDEVALUATE METHODABSTRACTSoftware test is the important method to insure the software quality. Softwarereliability is the important feature of software quality. There are strong and natural relationsbetween them: software test improve the software reliability, in turn the accurate evaluationon software reliability can provide reasonable stopping signal of software test. Whilereliable of hardware steadily improving, the quality insurance of software is comparativelydifficult. The study of software reliability is far more from perfect compared with the studyof hardware reliability. There are many works need be done.In this article, the theory and method of software test are first introduced. Theimportance of software error is emphasized, software testing model is reviewed. Thensoftware reliability theory is introduced. Several important software reliability models arepresented. After that, hardware reliability study is analyzed to find out the factors that leadto its success. Based on this knowledge, software reliability study is reviewed and fourdifficulties of software reliable problem are pointed out. This paper proposes two methodsto resolve two of them. These methods