精确灌溉与施肥自动化控制系统的研究.docVIP

摘 要 以单片机为核心的控制器采集数据，通过人机对话与菜单选择相结合的方式，自动给出作物各个生长期需要灌水量及施肥量，喷灌流量由控制器控制，自动的完成喷灌施肥。针对作物、地域、生长时期的气候及作物生长状况的不同，系统可自动判断土壤储水量是否下降至作物需水的下限，再根据作物的需肥量，精确的确定灌溉施肥量；系统运行时根据地块的情况，可将地块划分几个小区域自动的调节喷灌的射程；根据肥料的兼容性，配制肥料，自动调节肥料的喷施的浓度及流量，实现自动精确灌溉施肥。系统可提供小麦、大豆等多种作物精确灌溉与施肥的实施方案，并具有良好的扩展性。 关键词：精确灌溉；精确施肥；控制器；管理系统 Abstract The high precision detector of soil moisture monitors, devices of soil moisture, irrigators and fertilizing tanks connect with the controller. So the intact control system is built. It can do many things, such as, gathering date, necessary rate of irrigation and fertilizer application to various crops in the period of growth, flow control of spray irrigation, accomplish irrigation and fertilization automatically by way of man-machine conversation and menu choice. According to different crop, different regions, climate and crop of different periods, the system can judge whether the amount of water stored of farmland and soil drops to the lower limit index that the crop and confirm quantity of irrigation and fertilization. In the end, irrigation and fertilizing can be finished automatically. The system can be based on the width of field auto-adjust sprinkler pattern range and divide several micro-plot by the plot-area; it can adjust praying density and discharge of fertilizer based on compatibility of the fertilizer and allocating fertilizer which the system running. So automatic accurate irrigation and fertilization is realized. The system can offer seven corp decision-making actualize project of the accurate irrigation and fertilization such as the wheat, the corn, the cotton, et al. It has the favorable expansibility. Keywords: accurate irrigation; accurate fertilization; automation; control device; management system 目 录 1 绪论 1 1.1 精准灌溉与施肥自动化管理模型的建立 2 1.2 精确灌溉与施肥自动化管理系统的实现 3 2 系统的功能和特点 3 2.1 系统的功能 3 2.2 系统的特点 4 3 自动化灌溉施肥系统控制策略研究 5 3.1 关键技术与特点 5 3.2 系统的工作过程 6 3.2.1 系统软件模块的介绍 7 3.2.2 混肥置设计 9 3.2.3 监控系统设计 10 3.2.4 单片机应用系统的要求 10 3.2.5 A/D模块 11 3.2.6