式桥起重机的机械部分设计 说明书--本科毕业论文.doc

摘 要 起重机械用来对物料用作起重、运输、装卸和安装等作业的机械设备，它可以减轻体力劳动、提高劳动生产率和在生产过程中进行某些特殊的工艺操作，实现机械化和自动化。起重机械运送的物料可以是成件物品，也可以是散料，或者是液态的。起重机受的载荷是变化的，它是一种间歇动作的机械。起重机一般由机械、金属结构和电气等三大部分组成，机械方面是指起升、运行、变幅和旋转等机构，起重机一般是多种动作的。 本设计通过对桥式起重机的大车个小车运行机构部分的总体设计计算，以及电动机、联轴器、缓冲器、制动器的选用，运行机构减速器的设计计算和零件的校核计算及结构设计，完成了桥式起重机的机械部分设计。通过一系列设计，满足了16/3.2t起重量、桥跨度为16.5米的设计要求，并且整个传动过程比较平稳，且大车运行机构结构简单，拆装方便，维修容易，价格低廉。 关键词：桥式起重机；大车运行机构；减速器；起升机构 Abstract Crane is a kind of mechanical equipments used for lifting, moving, loading or unloading, and installing. It can lower the manual workload and upgrade productivity. It can be operated in some special environment too, and work with high automatic level. Crane can operate whole objects, disintegrated materials and liquid substances. The crane loads vary from time to time, so it is a periodic operational machine. A crane contains three major parts, mechanic components, a metal structure, and electrical devices. A crane’s mechanical movements are multi-actions, such as raising running and rotating. This paper is main deal with mechanical design for the moving mainframe of bridge crane, including all design calculation selection of electrical motors, clutch, buffer, and brakes, the design and calculation selection of the mainframe reducer, calibration and verification of the calculation for the parts, and structure designs. Through a series of work, the design is satisfied with the functional requirements, 16/3.2t lifting power and 16.5 meters bridge span. The course of drive is quite smooth. The mechanical structure of the mainframe is simplified, easy to install or disassemble, and maintain. And it also has lower cost. Keywords ：Bridge craneThe moving mainframe；The reducer；Hoisting mechanism 目录 第1章 绪论 - 1 - 1.1 概述 - 1 - 1．2 桥式起重机的历史及发展概况 - 1 - 1.2.1 桥式起重机的历史 - 1 - 1.2.2 国内桥式起重机的发展动向 - 1 - 1.2.3 国外桥式起重机的发展动向 - 2 - 1.3 桥式起重机机械故障及其预防措施 - 4 - 1.3.1 吊钩 - 4 - 1.3.2 钢丝绳 - 4 - 1.3.3 减速器齿轮 - 5 - 1.3.4 卷筒及钢丝绳压板 - 5 - 1.3.5 制动器 - 5 - 1.3.6 车轮与轨道