话语分析第二章.pptVIP

* 2.3 The expanding context 2.4 The principles of ‘local interpretation’ of ‘analogy’ 李丹妮 The expanding context 1 2 Problem （for discourse analyst） When a particular feature is relevant to the specification of a particular context What degree of specification is required Deictic Context (e.g. now, here, I……) Q: Are there standard procedures for determining what information is relevant to the interpretation of these expressions? There might be standard procedures. (according to Lyons) There clearly are standard systems for locating points in time and space. e.g. the time between 9:33 a.m. 9:34 a.m. on 5 June 1961, （specifying the utterance in terms of clock and calendar time, good standard systems）. If we had the relevant instrumentation, we could specify the place of the utterance in terms of a fine interaction of latitude and longitude. It is not at all clear that these particular standard systems produce the relevant information on all occasions. e.g. patrol ship e.g. a. But you just said he wasn’t. b. You said in the staff meeting yesterday that he wasn’t c. You said last week at the staff meeting that he wasn’t d. You said last year when we met in Toronto that he wasn’t The further away in time the message was situated, the less likely the speaker is to remember precisely the date and time at which it occurred. It seems unlikely that ‘standard procedures’ of recording space and time are going to be relevant to the unique identification of utterance acts. Perhaps the standard procedures will enable us to fix the relevant space spans for the interpretation of deictic expression like here. e.g. a. There’s another worn section which needs repair here. b. You’ve got a very nice room here. c. It’s really nasty day here. d. You have a comparatively mild climate here. It must be clear that the spatial location identified by here in each of these expressions could be