虚拟语气3.pptVIP

* * * * 虚拟语气 虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测或建议，而 不表示客观存在的事实。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特 殊形式来表示。下面分别介绍虚拟语气在各种句式中 的用法。 用在宾语从句 用在条件句中If 用在主语从句 ( should)+动词原形 用在表语从句、同位语从句中 用在定语从句中 用在 (要是…就好了)引导的句中 用在would rather 引导的宾语从句中 用在may+动词原形表“祝愿”。 用在as if (as though)引导的表语从句或状语从句中 一、用在宾语从句 1.在动词suggest, insist, order, demand, desire,advise, request require, arrange, command, propose等后面的宾语从句中，用“（should）+动词原形”。例： We suggested that we ( should ) have meeting. 另：①.Suggest作“暗示、表明”解时，宾语从句不用虚拟 语气. e.g. His attitude suggested that he was angry. ②insist “力言”、“坚持（认为）”解时，宾语从句不用 虚拟语气。例： Mike insisted that he had never stolen anything. 2.“wish +宾语从句”表不能实现的愿望，译为“但愿……” wish +宾语从句 1.动词过去式 （表“现在的假设”） 2.had done (表“过去的假设”) 3.would+动词原形（表“将来的假设 ” ） I wish it were spring all the year round. I wish I had attended your party yesterday. I wish you would go with us tomorrow. 二、用在条件句中If Would/should+ 动原 A:动词过去式 B:were to+动原 C:should+动原 与将来事实相反 Would /should+ have +done had done 与过去事实相反 Would/should+ 动原 动词过去式 （ be用were) 与现在事实相反 主句 条件状语从句if ⑴表与现在事实相反： If I were you, I should study English. If he had time,he would attend the meeting. ⑵表与过去事实相反： If you had come yesterday, you would have met him. ⑶表与将来事实相反： If you came tomorrow, we would have the meeting. 注:1.If 从句中，有were ( had,should )时可省略If,用倒装。 上面的句子可省If,可变为： Were I you, I should study English. Had he time,he would attend the meeting. Had you come yesterday, you would have met him. 2.but for ,without ,otherwise等形式的含蓄的虚拟语气。 Without air ,there ____________（有）no living things. But for the rain we ___________(有)a pleasan journey today. He is not a careful driver; otherwise he (不会撞) ____________________the tree yesterday. Would be Should have Wouldn’t have hit 三、用在主语从句 ( should)+动词原形 结构： It is +important(necessary,natural,strange,) +that从句 It is a pity (a shame,no wonder) + that从句 It is suggested (decided,ordered,demanded,