毕设论文__类比法在中学数学中的应用.docVIP

类比法在中学数学中的应用 摘要：类 比法也类推法，一种推 理的方法Analogism in middle school mathematics application Abstract: The analogism is in mathematics discovery is most commonly used, one of most effective methods, simultaneously also is in mathematics problem solving the extremely practical one method. The analogism also name makes “the analogy line or method of reasoning”, is one kind gathers the sentiment inference the thought method. When meets the relatively complex topic, we may consider first with it similar simple topic, thus seeks to the suitable method or the rule solution complex question. Regardless of the analogism is solves the actual problem in the knowledge exploration, all has the inspiration mentality, provides the function which the clue, extrapolates, understands by analogy. In the middle school mathematics, applies the analogism the knowledge many and varied, but I write am emphatically in the problem solving aspect, some appear, the common analogy frequently, like general and the special analogy, high dimension and low dimensional?analogy, the plane and the spatial analogy, the method promotion analogies as well as analogies limitedly and so on. Keywords: Analogism;Gathers the sentiment inference; Mathematics; Application 类比法在中学数学中的应用 据说“锯子”是鲁班发明的.当鲁班正在为创造一种新的伐木工具而感到困惑的时候，不小心手指被一根细毛草叶划了一下，划破了一个深深的口子. 心想：“怎么一根小小的毛草叶能把我的手划得这么深”.于是他仔细的观察了毛草叶，发现叶子的边缘生长着许多锋利的小齿，由此鲁班联想到用铁片打制一把像毛草叶一样的工具——锯子. 这里鲁班所用的思想就是类比，他由被毛草叶划破手指后想到用像叶子一样的工具来锯木头，非常聪明的思考，灵活的运用类比，制造出了锯子. 波利亚曾经说过：“类 比是一个伟 大的引路人.”开普 勒也说过：“我珍 视类 比胜过任 何别的东 西，它是我最信 赖的老 师，它能揭 示自 然界的秘 密，在几 何学中它是最不容意忽 视的.”然而拉普 拉斯也说过：“甚 至在数 学里发 现真 理的主要工 具是归 纳和类 比.”康德也同样说过：“每 当智 力缺 乏可 靠论证思 路时，相 似思 考往往能指 引我们前 进”.“相似思考”指的就是类比.从古人对类比评价的价值和意义，能深切地感受到通过类比可以发现新的知识，探索新的科学领域，类比起着重要作用.同样，把类比的方法运用到中学数学解题当中，可以帮助我们发现解题的思路、方法和途径，从而提高解决问题的能力. 1 类比法的含义 类比是将事物的某些相同进行比较具有性质 具有性质其中与 相同或相似； 则推测出也具有性质，相同或相似前提真结论未必就真要提类比结论可靠，就要尽地确认对象间的相同点相同点越多，结论的可靠性因为对象间的相同点越多，二者的关联度就会越大反之，结论的可靠性程度就会越小类比法的作用是“由此及彼”.把“此”是前提，“彼”看作是论，那么类比思