[高中物理第13章第三单元第4课时.pptVIP

高考总复习·物理 第三单元　实验与探究 　第4课时　实验：验证动量守恒定律 选修3－5 　 　　　第十三章　碰撞与动量守恒 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 1．实验目的 验证碰撞中的动量守恒定律． 2．实验原理 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 实验装置如右图所示，质量较大的入射球在斜槽上从静止滚下来，跟放在斜槽前边支柱上质量较小的被碰小球发生碰撞后，两球都做平抛运动．由于两球作平抛运动的高度相同，由平抛运动知识可知，各小球在落地前的运动时间相同，若用小球的飞行时间做时间单位，则水平位移在数值上就等于小球飞出的水平速度，所以只要测出两小球的质量m1、m2和不放被碰小球时入射小球在空中飞行的水平距离 ，以及两球碰撞后在空中飞出的水平距离 代入公式 就可验证动量守恒定律． Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 3．实验器材 碰撞实验器(斜槽、重锤线)、两个半径相等而质量不等的小球、白纸、复写纸、天平和砝码、刻度尺、游标卡尺(选用)、圆规． 4．实验步骤 (1)将斜槽固定在桌边使末端点的切线水平． (2)让入射球落地后在地板上合适的位置铺上白纸并在相应的位置铺上复写纸． (3)用小铅锤把斜槽末端即入射球的重心投影到白纸上O点． (4)不放被碰小球时，让入射小球10次都从斜槽同一高度由静止开始滚下落在复写纸上，用圆规找出落点的平均位置P点． Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. (5)把入射球放在槽口末端露出一半，调节支柱螺柱，使被碰小球与入射球重心等高且接触好，然后让入射球在同一高度滚下与被碰小球碰10次，用圆规找出入射球和被碰小球的平均位置M、N. (6)用天平测出两个球的质量记入设计好的表格，游标卡尺测出入射球和被碰小球的半径r1和r2，在 O′即为被碰小球抛出点投影，用刻度尺测出其长度，记入表内． (7)改变入射球的高度，重复上述实验步骤，再做一次． Ev