英美文化-美国部分.doc

美国部分 一：地理 人口第三（占全球4.5%） 面积第四 50个州：48 continental states；2 island states (Alaska, Hawaii) 东海岸：Appalachian Mountains 阿巴拉契亚山脉 西海岸：Rocky Mountains 洛基山脉 Mississippi River：3rd longest “Father of Waters””Old Man River” five Great Lakes：（21％ of surface fresh water):Lake Superior, Michigan, Huron, Erie, Ontario(Niagara Waterfall) 东北部：New England ·Vermont(绿山 造船业发达), Maine, New Hampshire, Massachusetts(革命之地), Connecticut(康涅狄格州), Rhode Island(罗德岛州，the smallest in size) ·Protestant influence：新教徒（离开英国的国教） work ethic 勤奋 → value hard and devoted work ·Religious freedom：Anti-colonialist legacy 反殖民 → Independency e.g. Boston Tea Party, Revolutionary War ·Town meetings：Model for democratic government 民主 No king or queen, everyone votes. ·Political activism: Community involvement 国家政治 不限于地域 More focused on national politics ·Fishing shipbuilding→工业革命 (Most British navy fleats get raw material from Vermont) ·Intellectual cultural center：MIT；Ivy League (8) 常春藤 Ivy League中，Columbia, Harvard, Princeton, Yale是最初的四所，与后来的Brown, Cornell, Dartmouth, Penn.合称常春藤 2．The Mid Atlantic Region: ·两次迁都New York City → Pennsylvania(Philadelphia，宪法1787撰写地) → Washington, D.C.（确定三权分立） ·History： Ellis Island: Port for immigrants 隔离以防止传染病。40％美国人的祖先：欧洲移民(p.s.亚洲移民入口为Angel Island in San Francisco Bay); Philadelphia： 1776.7.4 Declaration of Independence 美国国庆日+1787 Constitution ·Economy: Financial capital: Wall Street,NYSE 3．The Mid West 中西部：Illinois, Michigan, Minnesota(密西西比发源地),Iowa(农业州，粮仓) ·Heartland腹地 True American values土生土长较多 移民少 ·Ideal for marketing pollsters民意测验家(Business ，Politics必争之地) ·Agriculture：Farming Belts （主要生产Wheat, Dairy, Corn,Tobacco, Cotton, Sugar后构成美国农业主要产品） 4. Wild West: Washington State(Seattle);Yellowstone National Park（Wyoing,Idaho,Montana）; California, New Mexico ·Forbidding nature: Tough challenging. Volcanoes, earthquakes, mountains, deserts. ·Outdoor heaven: skiing, beaches, vineyards（葡萄园） ·Tolerance of alternative lifestyles