王亚强大气气溶胶.pptVIP

* Here I’ve tried to illustrate some of these various processes involved in the production, growth, and eventual removal of atmospheric aerosol particles. Starting with the sinks for aerosols, the primary losses come from both dry and wet deposition of the particles, although wet deposition is thought to dominate for the smaller particles because they are not heavy enough to readily sediment out. As for aerosol formation, there are a number of different pathways that lead to new particle formation or particle growth and these are typically defined based on whether they are primary or secondary sources. Primary sources of aerosol are things like dust or sea salt on the large side or soot on the small side, and the thing each of these sources has in common is that the particles are directly emitted into the atmosphere. In contrast to these primary sources, there are also secondary sources of aerosols. These secondary sources typically result from the oxidation of gases that have been emitted into the atmosphere into lower volatility compounds. These lower volatility compounds can then either nucleate to form new, very small particles, or can condense onto pre-existing particles and lead to aerosol growth. Secondary aerosol sources typically comprise things like SO2, emitted from coal burning, which is oxidised to sulfuric acid and gives rise to sulfate particles, ammonia from farms which leads to particulate nitrate or volatile organic compounds emitted from trees, plants, factories, cars and trucks. Of all of these, the oxidation of VOCs to produce what’s known as secondary organic aerosol is the least understood, in part because of the complexity of understanding the fates of hundreds of unique organic compounds in the atmosphere, and the work that we’ve been doing has been aimed at providing a more complete description of SOA formation. Besides it being the least understood, another reason that we are interested in SOA is that recent measurements have demonstrated