高二英语寒假专题——虚拟语气译林出版知识精讲.docVIP

高二英语寒假专题——虚拟语气译林出版 【本讲教育信息】 一. 教学内容： 寒假专题——虚拟语气 （一）if型 1. 在条件从句中 （叫虚拟条件句），表示与事实相反的条件。分三种情况（以 do 为例）： 表示与事实情况相反 条件从句的谓语形式 主句的谓语形式 表示现在情况 过去式（did） （be常用 were） would / could / might / should （用于第1人称） +动词原形（do） 表示过去情况 过去完成式（had +done） 上面4个情态动词+have done 表示将来情况 ①过去式 （did） ②should + do ③were to do 4个情态动词 + do ［例句］ 1）If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would have met him. 要是你早来几分钟的话，你就能见到他了。（与过去事实相反） 2）If it were sunny tomorrow, I would come to see you. 明天要是天气好的话，我来看你。（与将来事实可能相反） 3）If I were you, I would go at once. 假如我是你的话，我会马上走。（与现在事实相反，事实上我不可能是你） 2. 错综时间的条件句 即从句与主句的动作发生的时间不同。此时，需要按时间来确定虚拟形式。如： If they had studied hard, they could do it easily now. 如果他们以前努力学习的话，现在干的就会容易些。 If he had not taken my advice, he wouldn’t do it much better like this. 如果他不听取我的建议，他就不会干得这样好。 3. 省略 if 的条件从句 当从句中有 were, had 或 should 时，可省略if ，而把它们放在句首。 例：If I were to meet him tomorrow, I should ask him about it. Were I to meet him tomorrow, I should ask him about it. If he should fail in the experiment this time, he would try again. Should he fail in the experiment this time, he would try again. 4. 含蓄条件句 用介词短语代替条件状语从句。常用with, without, but for。如： We couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time without your help. But for the train, we would have finished the work. 也可用其他手段来代替条件句，如otherwise, or, but I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meet. He telephoned to inform me of your birthday, or I would have known nothing about it. （二）should型 1. 建议（suggest, advice, propose, recommend），要求（demand, request, require, insist）, 命令（order, command）等，这些动词后面接的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，动词用should + do 构成，should可以省略。 ［例句］ 他要求学生每周都要自己洗衣服。 He ordered that the students （should） wash the clothes every week by themselves. 注意：insist / suggest 各有两种意思，要用不同的语气 insist 表示“坚决要求”时，用虚拟形式，即 should + do; insist 表示“坚称，坚持说”时，用陈述语气，表示事实。 suggest 表示“建议”时，用虚拟形式。 suggest 表示“表明、暗示”时，用陈述语气。 2. 虚拟语气在同位语从句中 同位语从句的先行词常是表示说话人愿望、建议、要求、命令等的名词。 例：The suggestion that students （should） learn so