§1.1 静电场 高斯定理.pptVIP

nsfz 唐 龙 一、 导体静电平衡的条件 静电平衡 —— 导体各处均无电子作宏观定向运动。 （1）导体是等势体。 等势面处处与电力线正交。 （2）导体表面是等势面。 §1.3 静电场中的导体 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Q 1、导体内部无净电荷。 2、空腔导体带电荷Q 腔内无电荷，导体的电荷只能分布在外表面。 导体的内表面电荷-q，外表面电荷Q+q 3、孤立的带电导体，外表面各处的电荷面密度与该处曲率半径成反比。 ?Q=0 q -q +q 腔内有电荷q ， E 根 据 高斯定理 E=0 二、 静电平衡导体的特性 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 原 则 1.静电平衡的条件 2.基本性质方程 3.电荷守恒定律 高斯定理 场强环路 定理 三、有导体存在时静电场的计算 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 无限大的带电平面的场中平行放置一无限大金属平板。 解:设金属板面电荷密度?? 、?? 由对称性和电量守恒 导体体内任一点P场强为零 例题 求：金属板两面电荷面密度 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 例题 两块面积均为S的金属平板靠近平行放置，一块带电Q，另一块不带电，忽略边缘效应。 解:设金属板面电荷密度 ?? 、??、 -?3 、?4 x ?? ?? -?3 ?4 由电荷守恒定律 P 求：（1）金属板的电荷分布；（2）空间电场分布；（3）右板接地，再求电荷、电场分布。 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. x ? ? -? ? （2）空间电场分布 A B C （3）右板接地 x ? -? 金属板表面 相当于4 块大带电平面 总场强 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.S