ppt课件-土壤水分保留-北卡罗来纳州（ soil moisture retention- north carolina state）.pptVIP

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ppt课件-土壤水分保留-北卡罗来纳州（ soil moisture retention- north carolina state）.ppt

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Soil Moisture Retention Laboratory #5 Objectives Know the definitions of oven dry, saturation, evapotranspiration, permanent wilting point, field capacity, macropore, micropore, and available water content. Know how to calculate bulk density, soil water content (by weight and by volume), available water percentage, percent pore space, volume of macropores and micropores. Soil Moisture There are three moisture terms that you must be familiar with in order to understand the relationship between soil water and plant growth: oven dry, saturated, and field capacity. Oven Dry Soil consists of soil particles and pore spaces, which are filled with gases such as oxygen (O2), carbon dioxide (CO2) and dinitrogen (N2). When all of the pore space is filled with gases, the soil is said to be oven dry. An oven dry soil is defined as a soil that has been dried at 105°C until it reaches constant weight and contains no water. Saturated A saturated soil has all of the pore space filled with water. At this point the soil is at its maximum retentive capacity. Field Capacity Following a rain or irrigation, a portion of the water from saturated soils will drain from the soil due to gravity. After two to three days the gravitational drainage will become negligible. At this time the soil is said to be at field capacity. Field Capacity Pores The remaining water is found in the micropores and the water drained from the soil was lost from the macropores. The micropores are small enough that the adhesive and cohesive forces holding the water to the pore wall are stronger than the gravitational force trying to drain the soil. Micropores Macropores Although there is no clear size specification of the pores, generally pores larger than 0.06 mm are considered macropores, and those smaller than 0.06 mm are micropores. Volume of Macropores The volume of the macropores is equal to the volume of the water that has drained from the saturated soil to reach field capacity. For example, you hav