photovoltaic panel physics（光伏板的物理）.docVIP

Investigating the Characteristics of a Solar Panel - Theory Notes Saverio Ciccone Overnewton Anglican Community College Before investigating the characteristics of a photovoltaic panel, it is useful to understand the operation of a dry-cell (chemical) battery that will enable some insight into the photovoltaic panel. Preliminary - Output Characteristics of a Dry Cell Battery The dry cell is not an infinite supply of power for any circuit. The dry-cell battery has an internal resistance as a natural opposition to current flow through it. As the battery ages, the internal resistance increases such that the battery uses more and more of its power to overcome its own internal resistance. This means that less power is available for the external circuit as time goes on. For new batteries the internal resistance is low – (typically 1 ohm maximum). For aged batteries this resistance is can be up to 20 ohms. Rload is the external device connected across the battery r represents the internal resistance of the battery the battery uses energy to drive the current through itself (across r) The internal resistance is shown as being in series in the circuit. ? is the nominal voltage (eg 6V, 1.5 V, 9V etc) i is the circuit current measured with an ammeter R is the internal resistance of the battery (relatively constant if the battery is not giving current for a long time. Rload is the external resistance that draws power and is typically varied in an experiment –ie a variable resistance Using basic circuit theory ????Ir + IRload and rearranging this we have I = ? - V r r For a constant internal resistance the current-voltage output typically looks as follows. The maximum power that the dry cell can supply to an external load occurs when the load resistance equals the internal resistance of the battery. (In higher electricity studies this is known as impedance matching.) Typic