p o v- ray3.1 documentation- universityof ioannina(p o v ray3.1文件-约阿尼纳大学).docVIP

p o v- ray3.1 documentation- universityof ioannina(p o v ray3.1文件-约阿尼纳大学).doc

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Persistence of Vision ? Ray-Tracer POV-Ray ? Version 3.1g Users Documentation May 1999 Copyright 1999 POV-Team ? POV-Ray ? is based on DKBTrace 2.12 by David K. Buck and Aaron A. Collins. POV-Ray, POV-Help, POV-Team, and Persistence of Vision are trademarks of the POV-Team. 1 Introduction 10 1.1 Program Description 11 1.2 What is Ray-Tracing? 11 1.3 What is POV-Ray? 11 1.4 How Do I Begin? 12 1.5 Notation and Basic Assumptions 12 1.6 Whats New in POV-Ray 3.1? 13 1.6.1 Media Replaces Halo Atmosphere 13 1.6.2 New #macro Feature 14 1.6.3 Arrays Added 14 1.6.4 File I/O and other Directives 14 1.6.5 Additional New Features 14 2 Beginning Tutorial 16 2.1 Our First Image 16 2.1.1 Understanding POV-Rays Coordinate System 16 2.1.2 Adding Standard Include Files 17 2.1.3 Adding a Camera 18 2.1.4 Describing an Object 18 2.1.5 Adding Texture to an Object 19 2.1.6 Defining a Light Source 19 2.2 Simple Shapes 20 2.2.1 Box Object 20 2.2.2 Cone Object 20 2.2.3 Cylinder Object 21 2.2.4 Plane Object 21 2.3 CSG Objects 21 2.3.1 What is CSG? 21 2.3.2 CSG Union 22 2.3.3 CSG Intersection 23 2.3.4 CSG Difference 23 2.3.5 CSG Merge 25 2.3.6 CSG Pitfalls 25 Coincidence Surfaces 25 2.4 Advanced Shapes 25 2.4.1 Bicubic Patch Object 26 2.4.2 Blob Object 32 Component Types and Other New Features 34 Complex Blob Constructs and Negative Strength 34 2.4.3 Height Field Object 36 2.4.4 Lathe Object 38 Understanding The Concept of Splines 39 2.4.5 Mesh Object 43 2.4.6 Polygon Object 44 2.4.7 Prism Object 46 Teaching An Old Spline New Tricks 47 Smooth Transitions 48 Multiple Sub-Shapes 49 Conic Sweeps And The Tapering Effect 50 2.4.8 Superquadric Ellipsoid Object 52 2.4.9 Surface of Revolution Object 55 2.4.10 Text Object 57 2.4.11 Torus Object 60 2.5 The Light Source 65 2.5.1 The Pointlight Source 65 2.5.2 The Spotlight Source 66 2.5.3 The Cylindrical Light Source 67 2.5.4 The Area Light Source 67 2.5.5 The Ambient Light Source 68 2.5.6 Light Source Specials 69 Using Shadowless Lights 69 Ass

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