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p a r t o n e making senseof organizations( chapter1-2, p（p r t o n e制造的组织（chapter1-2，p）.doc

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Chapter 1 True/False The structural frame sees organizations as factories. The primary sources of managerial “cluelessness” are personality disorders and IQ. Frames are also called maps, mental models, cognitive lenses, schema, and mind sets. The explosive technological and social changes of recent years have simplified our lives and our understandings of the world. The most effective managers choose a single perspective or frame, and become highly-skilled specialists. According to Bolman and Deal, “multiframe thinking” typically leads to confusion and paralysis. Modern organizations rely too much on an artistic approach to management and too little on an engineering approach. Bolman and Deal argue that most managers and leaders have trouble understanding complex situations, not because they lack the intelligence, but because they are unable to adopt multiple perspectives. Answers T (P. 15)- While the structural frame sees organizations as factories and machines; the human resource frame sees organizations as a family, the political frame sees organizations as jungles, and the symbolic frame sees organizations as carnivals, temples and theater. F (Pp. 7-8) – While it is true that some managerial “cluelessness” comes from psychological flaws, personality disorders, and IQ; managerial “cluelessness” is primarily caused by clinging to entrenched mental models. This action does not allow the manager to make sense of situations or it encourages the misinterpretation of those situations that do not conform to these entrenched ways of thinking. T (P. 10) – All of the images brought to mind by these different labels help to illustrate the notion of the use of frames. F (P. 6) – These explosive technological and social changes have produced a world that is far more interconnected, frantic and complicated. We find ourselves “in over our heads” (Kegan, 1998). Forms of management and organization which were effective a few years ago are now obsolete. F