oceanography unit section one propertiesof seawater（第一节海洋单位性质的海水）.docVIP

Oceanography Unit Section One Properties of Seawater Read through the notes below or on-line and answer the questions 1-11 from the notes. I. Oceans II. Composition III. Pressure IV. Density Temperature V. Research I. 4 major oceans on Earth 1. Atlantic Ocean (2nd largest) longest north to south 2. Arctic Ocean- (smallest) 3. Indian Ocean 4. Pacific Ocean - (largest) covers 33% of the Earth; contains 50% of Earths salt water II. Composition A. Dissolved gases - greater % in cold water 1. Nitrogen 2. Oxygen 3. Carbon dioxide B. Salinity - a measure of the dissolved solids in seawater 1. Avg. ocean salinity = 34.5 g/kg (or ppt. parts per thousand) If you evaporate 1000 grams of sea water, 35 grams of solid minerals (salts) will be left behind. 2. Measured with instruments that test for electric conductivity; the more conductive the higher the salinity 3. Sources of ocean salinity include: volcanoes; erosion carried by glaciers, streams, and waves breaking on shore 4. Salinity decreases where large amounts of fresh water are entering any ocean: a. mouth of a river b. area where glacier enter the ocean c. areas of heavy rainfall (equator) Ex. Baltic Sea Salinity = 30.0 g/kg because many rivers and glaciers drain into it. 5. Salinity increases where climates are hot and dry because evaporation is taking away fresh water and leaving salts behind: a. Latitudes between 200 - 300 north south latitude Ex. Mediterranean Sea Red Sea Salinity = 40.0 g/kg b. Polar waters where sea ice forms. Only fresh water forms ice and the salt gets left behind?????? III. Pressure - the force per unit area A. Pressure at