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CREATION OF AN INTERMEDIATE ENVIRONMENT AND UTILIZING SWITCHABLE MICROWAVE ABSORBENT MATERIAL TO AID IN PERFORMING WORK ON MARS by S. Andrew Ning Submitted to the Brigham Young University in partial fulfillment of graduation requirements for Bachelor of Science degree and University Honors Department of Physics and Astronomy April 2006 Advisor: Dr. David D. Allred Thesis Coordinator: Signature: _________________________ Signature: _________________________ Department Chair: Signature: _________________________  Acknowledgements First and foremost I would like to thank my advisor Dr. David D. Allred for countless hours of instruction and guidance. He has given me the freedom and confidence to chase my interests. I will always be grateful for his patience and friendship. I would like to thank Dr. Robert Lawton for helping with the microwave analysis and Dr. Brian Riddle for providing his medical expertise. I would also like to thank other BYU students in the Mars Research Group who have contributed to parts of this project, namely: Niki Farnsworth, Krystle Farnsworth, Rob Gillis, and Donovan Chipman. I would also like to thank my parents and my wife for their support in making this possible. Finally, I would like to thank the Department of Physics and Astronomy, the Office of Research and Creative Activities, and the Rocky Mountain NASA Space Grant Consortium for their generous funding which allowed me the time to work on this exciting project. Contents I. Introduction 1 1.1 Manned exploration of Mars 1 1.2 Living on Mars 1 1.2.1 Mars’ atmosphere 1 1.2.2 Space suit design 2 1.3 Full Pressure Suits 4 1.3.1 Problems with full pressure suits. 4 1.3.2 Mars needs new design 4 1.3.3 Simulating Full Pressure Suits 5 1.4 Alternative solution 6 II. Our Solution: Intermediate Environments 7 2.1 Living on Mars