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UNIT: WEATHERING, EROSION, DEPOSITION NOTEPACKET Weathering - the breakdown of rocks and minerals into smaller particles called sediments Weathering represents a rocks response to changing environmental conditions Weathering will occur whenever a rock is exposed to the atmosphere, hydrosphere, or biosphere - (the rock itself is part of the lithosphere) There are 2 primary types of weathering: Physical/Mechanical Weathering - the breakdown of rocks and minerals into smaller particles sizes without a change in chemical composition - it results in a reduction of particle size, only frost/ice wedging - water expands when it freezes and splits rocks like a wedge root wedging - roots grow and expand into crevices, exerting pressure as they do exfoliation - when the weight of overlying material is removed the rocks outer surface peels off abrasion - rock particles that are carried along by water, wind or ice bump and rub against one another and wear each other down Chemical Weathering - the breakdown of rocks and minerals into smaller particle sizes by chemical action with a distinct change in the chemical composition of the sediment - results in a change of chemical composition as well as a reduction of particle size - the sediments are different chemically from the unweathered, parent rock oxidation - elements in rocks and minerals combine with oxygen and break down hydration - elements in rocks and minerals combine with water and break down - water dissolves many Earth materials carbonation - carbon dioxide dissolves in water to form carbonic acid other acids - oxides of sulfur dissolve in water to produce sulfuric acid oxides of nitrogen dissolve in water to produce nitric acid e. biosphere - lichens and mosses secrete acids that dissolve rocks and minerals Facts about chemical weathering; it is more severe than physical/mechanical weathering carbon dioxide, oxides of sulfur and oxides of nitrogen are all added to the