08060419-超声波加工..docVIP

超声波加工 Ultrasonic machining 班级:08营 姓名:王晶 学号【摘要】：超声加工是利用超声振动的工具在有磨料的液体介质中或干磨料中，产生磨料的冲击、抛磨、液压冲击及由此产生的气蚀作用来去除材料，以及利用超声振动使工件相互结合的加工方法.早期的超声加工主要依靠工具作超声频振动，使悬浮液中的磨料获得冲击能量，从而去除工件材料达到加工目的。但加工效率低，并随着加工深度的增加而显著降低。近20多年来，国外采用烧结或镀金刚石的先进工具，既作超声频振动，同时又绕本身轴线以1000—5000r/min的高速旋转的超声旋转加工，比一般超声波加工具有更高的生产效率和孔加工的深度，同时直线性好、尺寸精度高、工具磨损小，除可加工硬脆材料外，还可加工碳化钢、二氧化钢、二氧化铁和硼环氧复合材料，以及不锈钢与钛合金叠层的材料等。目前，已用于航空、原子能工业，效果良好。 超声加工时，高频电源联接超声换能器，由此将电振荡转换为同一频率、垂直于工件表面的超声机械振动，其根幅仅0．005~0．01mm，再经变幅杆放大至0．05~0mm，以驱动工具端面作超声振动。此时，磨料悬浮液（磨料、水或煤油等赃工具的超声振动和一定压力下，高速不停地冲击悬浮液中的磨粒，并作用于加工区，使该处材料变形，直至击碎成微粒和粉末。 同时，由于磨料悬浮液的不断搅动，促使磨料高速抛磨工件表面，又由于超声振动产生的空化现象，在工件表面形成液体空腔，促使混合液渗入工件材料的缝隙里，而空腔的瞬时闭合产生强烈的液压冲击，超声波打孔机加工强化了机械抛磨工件材料的作用，并有利于加工区磨料悬浮液的均匀搅拌和加工产物的排除。Abstract:Ultrasonic machining is using ultrasonic vibration tools in abrasive liquids medium or dry abrasive, abrasive impact generated into grinding, hydraulic shock and the resulting cavitation effect to cut materials, and the use of ultrasonic vibration to make the work mutual combination processing method. The early ultrasonic machining relies mainly on the tools for super audio vibration, make suspension of abrasive obtain impact energy, thus removing the workpiece material reach processing purpose. But machining efficiency low, and with the increase of depth of process and significantly reduced. For more than twenty years, foreign adopt the sinter or plating GangShi advanced vehicles, make already super audio vibration, and at the same time with 1000 - around itself axis 5000r/min of high-speed rotary ultrasonic rotating machining, than is commonly ultrasonic machining has more efficiency and the depth of the hole processing, and straight sex good, dimension precision, tools wear small, besides processing hard brittle material outside, still can be processed carbide steel, carbon dioxide steel, two ferric oxide and boron epoxy composites, as well as stainless steel and titanium alloy laminated materials etc. At present, we have used in aviation, a