[2006年江苏省南京工业大学杯化学奥赛夏令营选拔赛辅导讲义无机化学碳族包建春08年收集的课件.pptVIP

第4章 碳族元素 氧化值 最大配位数 单质可形成原子晶体 金属晶体 4.1 概述 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 4.2.1 碳的同素异形体 4.2 碳及其化合物 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 石墨插入化合物 石墨为一种层状结构，如果将这种层状结构加以利用，加入一些物质，即作为内表面，插入化合物使石墨膨胀了。这在表面与催化方面有特殊的应用。 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 离子型： 还可以插入：氧化物：SO3, CrO3, MoO3 硫化物：V2S3, Cr2S3 含氧酸：C24+HSO4-•2H2SO4 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. K3C60 {[(C2H5)3P]2Pt}6C60 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 4.2.2 碳的氧化物 CO具有还原能力和较强配位能力 CO+PdCl2+H2O == CO2+2HCl+Pd Fe(CO)5, Ni(CO)4, Co2(CO)8 其中C是配位原子。 Hb·H2O+O2 HbO2+H2O Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. CuCl + CO = CuCl • CO Cu(NH3)2CH2COO+CO+NH3= Cu(NH3)3•CO•CH2COO Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 1. Mn+电荷高,极易水解，如 Al3+,Fe3 +,Cr3+ 加入CO32-互相促进,发生双水解反应。 Al2(SO4)3+Na2CO3+H2O == Al(OH)3+Na2SO4+CO2 2. Mn+可水解,其氢氧化物溶解度与碳酸盐差不多,生成碱式盐沉淀，如Be2+,Mg2+,Cu2+。 2 Mg2+ +2 CO32－ +H2O == Mg2(OH)2CO3+CO2 2 Be2+ +2 CO32－ +H2O == Be2(OH)2CO3+CO2 3. Mn+ 水解程度小,碳酸盐溶解度小,生成碳酸盐沉淀， 如Ca2+,Sr2 +,Ba2 +: Ba2 + +CO32－ == BaCO3 4.2.3 Mn+与可溶性碳酸盐的反应特点 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 若将0.2mol/l Na2CO3 和 0.2mol/l CaCl2 混合,是生成 Ca(OH)2 还是CaCO3 Ksp: 5.5×10-6 2.5×10-9 [Ca2+][CO32-] = 0.1×0.1 = 10-2 2.5×10