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首页 | GRE and Application Area | Dou Dous space | Old Lui Space Argument参考材料 Argument课堂讲义更新时间： 2008-8-26 ??来源： ??点击数： 5764 Argument preparing strategies 1，掌握基本逻辑知识；理解Critical thinking 2，熟读每一道题目 3，学习体会闪光句型的使用 4，大量阅读积累语言，形成各部分自己的写作模板 5，列出每道题的写作提纲 6，考前全文练习10－20篇 Argument 题目的结构： Evidence → conclusion support 审题的基本任务：分清论据和结论，看清推理关系 ? 结论往往由表结果的连词引导，如： Therefore, thus, so, hence, consequently, evidently 还有：Clearly, should ，以及目的状语从句 ? 论据的主要形式 §??????? 事实 Facts §??????? 统计 Statistics §??????? 例子 Examples §??????? 类比 Analogies §??????? 对比 Comparisons §??????? 权威 Authorities (Experts’ opinions) §??????? 假设 Assumptions ? 写作原则 §??????? 逻辑方面：切中要害 §??????? 语言方面：言简意赅 §??????? 词汇：注意区分书面词汇和口语词汇 §??????? 句式：多变，适度复杂 ? 读题时需注意的地方 §??????? 文章前后论据论点各自的讨论对象 §??????? 限定成分（定语、状语、从句） §??????? 绝对化词汇：all, any, every, only, unique, most, best? ? Argument writing steps 1，skim the topic and write the introduction浏览题目写开头段； 2，input topic sentences for body paragraphs为正文段落输入段首句； 3，develop body paragraphs one by one逐一展开正文段落； 4，write the conclusion写结尾段； 5，checking检查 How to write the introductory paragraph §??????? 复述原文结论 §??????? 简要复述原文论据 §??????? 指出论证过程存在缺陷 ? 根据结论的不同性质采用不同动词引领： §??????? 万用动词：claim, assert, allege, state, contend, maintain §??????? 建议类结论：suggest, advise, advocate, propose §??????? 预言类结论：predict, forecast/ foresee, project §??????? 表示期待，盼望：expect, anticipate ? Common fallacies in topics题目中的常见缺陷 1，Survey调查数据类问题Survey / statistics / study /report/ census / poll ? Procedure of a typical survey §??????? Divide the general group into several sub-groups §??????? Analyze the percentage of each sub-group in the general group §??????? Randomly select sample ? 1) Procedure of the survey A, selective sample选择性样本 A 193 §??????? Many teachers were actually excluded from the survey. §??????? The result of the survey lacks credibility because the arguer fails to include teachers in other subjects. §??????? The result of the survey