A10measurementapproachtoconservatismandearningsmanagement..docVIP

A measurement approach to conservatism and earnings management一个测量方法，保守主义和盈余管理 This paper formalizes a two-step representation of accounting measurement and uses it to formalize a general rationale for conservatism as a measurement principle. A transac- tion’s economic substance manifests itself in characteristics of the transaction, and an accounting rule is a mapping from transaction characteristics to an accounting report. Managers who have stakes in the accounting report are able to influence transaction characteristics. Such earnings management is ex post rational for managers but ex ante inefficient. To safeguard against such ex post opportunism, the optimal ex ante account-ing rule is conservative in the sense that it requires more verification of the transaction characteristics favorable to managers. Thus, this rationale for conservatism is as general as the managers’ ability and incentive to inflate transaction characteristics. By openingnthe black box of accounting measurement, the two-step representation also formalizes some classic accounting concepts, such as relevance, reliability, verifiability, verification,and accounting-motivated transactions. 本文形式化会计计量的两步表示，使用它来为正式保守主义的一般原理的测量原理。一个事务，tion的经济实质体现在交易的特点，以及会计规则是从交易特性映射到会计报表。谁拥有在会计报告中利害关系经理能够影响交易的特点。这样的盈余管理是事后对管理者理性的，但事前没有效率。为了避免这种事后的机会主义，最佳事前账户ING规则是保守的，因为它需要的交易特性有利于管理者更验证了意义。因此，这个理由保守主义是作为一般的管理者的能力和动力去夸大交易特征。通过会计计量的openingnthe黑匣子，两步表示也正式确定了一些经典的会计概念，如相关性，可靠性，可核查，验证和计费激励交易。 1. Introduction When facing uncertainty, accounting measurement guided by conservatism requires more verification to recognize gains than to recognize losses. The long and pervasive influence of conservatism on accounting practice is evident by even a casual inspection of accounting practice and has been systematically documented in empirical studies . 面对不确定性，由保守主义指导会计计量需要更多的验证确认收益，而不是承认损失。保守主义对会计政策的长期和广泛的影响力是显而易见的会计惯例，即使是休闲的检查，并已系统地记录在实证研究. Despite the persistent and pervasive influence of conservatism, the general value of conse