农民工人力资本之自我投资问题研究..doc

农民工人力资本之自我投资问题研究 ——以南京市玄武区为例 社会学专业学生 李晓静 指导教师 朱考金 屈勇 摘要：本研究借用经济学的人力资本概念，以农民工的人力资本投资为背景，着重探讨了以教育投资和健康投资为主要投资内容的农民工自我投资问题。通过对农民工的自我投资现状、期望和影响因素进行分析发现，农民工的文化程度、个人收入和家庭收入、发展认知等因素对其教育和健康投资的影响较为突出，同时由于信息获取渠道缺乏以及信息获取不全面导致的对于教育和健康投资认识模糊等也是其阻碍其自我投资的重要因素。农民工人力资本的提升，主要应该从农民工自身寻找突破口，但政府、企业以及社区也是不可或缺的外在力量，内在条件和外部环境相互配合才能使农民工人力资本投资得到良性发展。 关键词：农民工；人力资本；自我投资 The Research on Self-investment of Migrant Workers ——Based on the Investigation in Xuanwu of Nanjing Student majoring in sociology LI Xiao-jing Tutor ZHU Kao-jin QU Yong Abstract: This research applies the theory of human capital which belongs to economic field, on the background of human capital investment of rural migrant workers, the paper discusses the issues about individual investments of peasant workers which mainly comprises the education and health investment. Analyzing the condition of migrant workers’ self-based investment, expectation and influential factors, we find that factors such as personal education level, income, family income and the cognitive development influence educational and healthy investment. At the same time, because of a lack of access to information and not catching information comprehensively, which lead to fuzzy understanding of education and health investment, so as the factor hinder personal investment. The promotion of human capital mainly depends on the workers themselves, but the government, enterprises and the community is an external indispensable force. Only through mutual cooperation between internal conditions and external environment, it make investments in human capital of peasant workers proceeding a good way. Key words: Migrant workers; Human capital; Self-investment 引言 1982年以后，中共中央、国务院明确提出了“允许农民进城开店、设坊、兴办服务业，提供各种劳务”的经济政策，农民工流入城市骤然增多。[1]经历了将近三十年的社会变迁，从“民工潮” 到“民工荒”，农民工本身并没有发生实质性的变化。文化素质低、职业地位低、劳动报酬低，似乎是农民工永远无法摆脱的特征。孙立平在农民工流动的特点中指出，农民工融入城市社会的障碍不仅在户籍制度上，而更重要的是由于个人素质的低下而使他们在激烈的市场竞争中处于劣势。[2] 农民工自身素质的低下，用人力资本概念解释，也就是其自身人力资本缺乏和人力资本投资不足，这是限制农